Lab 1 (Chapter 18)

Question 1

Give some examples of what blood transports

Answer 1

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, and stem cells

Question 2

What is the pH range that blood must maintain?

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

Would you expect your cutaneous blood vessels to vasoconstrict or vasodilate if you were too hot?

Answer 3

Vasodialate

Question 4

Name the process that WBCs use to engulf pathogens and bring them into their cells

Answer 4

Phagocytosis

Question 5

What cellular organelle is most important in plasma cells that create antibodies (proteins)?

Answer 5

Rough ER

Question 6

What is the most abundant thing in plasma?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

What is found in plasma?

Answer 7

Water, proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen), and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium)

Question 8

What 2 gasses do erythrocytes carry?

Answer 8

CO2 and O2

Question 9

True or false: Erythrocytes are incomplete cells that have no nucleus or organelles

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What do erythrocytes contain?

Answer 10

280 million molecules of hemoglobin

Question 11

How long do RBCs/ erythrocytes live?

Answer 11

up to 120 days

Question 12

What is the acronym to remember the order of abundance of leukocytes?

Answer 12

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Question 13

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 13

Bacterial killers; excellent phagocytes

Question 14

What do neutrophils look like?

Answer 14

Granules in cytoplasm, multi-lobed nucleus

Question 15

What do eosinophils do?

Answer 15

Used in allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Question 16

What do eosinophils look like?

Answer 16

Granules in cytoplasm, bi-lobed nucleus, reddish-orange

Question 17

What do basophils do?

Answer 17

Contain histamine for inflammatory response

Question 18

What do basophils look like?

Answer 18

Granules in cytoplasm that are blue/purple and S-shaped

Question 19

What are the two types of lymphocyte?

Answer 19

T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes

Question 20

What do lymphocytes look like?

Answer 20

Large nucleus with very little cytoplasm

Question 21

Describe monocytes

Answer 21

Largest WBC, excellent phagocytes, develop into macrophages in the tissues

Question 22

What do monocytes look like?

Answer 22

Large, kidney-bean or horseshoe-shaped nucleus

Question 23

Platelets are fragments of cells called __________ that are involved in blood clotting

Answer 23

megakaryocytes

Question 24

A high RBC count could indicate what?

Answer 24

Polycythemia or bone marrow cancer

Question 25

A high RBC count could indicate what?

Answer 25

Polycythemia or bone marrow cancer

Question 26

A low RBC count could indicate what?

Answer 26

Anemia, hemorrhage, or hemolysis

Question 27

A high total WBC count could indicate what?

Answer 27

Infection, poison, or metabolic disease. If it's too high with a lot of abnormal WBCs, it could be leukemia

Question 28

A low total WBC count (called leukopenia) could indicate what?

Answer 28

TB, measles, typhoid fever, hepatitis or cirrhosis, exposure to radiation

Question 29

Elevated levels of ____ could indicate an acute bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, burns, stress, or normal result of exercise

Answer 29

neutrophils

Question 30

Decreased levels of ____ could indicate a protozoan or viral infection, anemia, or malnutrition

Answer 30

neutrophils

Question 31

Elevated levels of ____ could indicate mumps, measles, or whooping cough

Answer 31

Lymphocytes

Question 32

Decreased levels of ____ could indicate AIDS or radiation

Answer 32

lymphocytes

Question 33

Elevated levels of ____ could indicate chronic diseases such as TB or leukemia, chronic inflammation, or viral infection

Answer 33

Monocytes

Question 34

Decreased levels of ____ could indicate anemia or corticosteroid treatment

Answer 34

Monocytes

Question 35

Elevated levels of ____ could indicate allergies or parasitic infections

Answer 35

Eosinophils

Question 36

Decreased levels of ____ could indicate a patient has received steroid therapy

Answer 36

Eosinophils

Question 37

Elevated levels of ____ could indicate inflammatory processes

Answer 37

Basophils

Question 38

Decreased levels of ____ could indicate hypersensitive reactions

Answer 38

Basophils

Question 39

A person with a blood type of A+ has what antigens and antibodies?

Answer 39

Antigens: A, Rh Antibodies: Anti-B

Question 40

Define artery

Answer 40

Carries blood away from the heart

Question 41

Define vein

Answer 41

Carries blood towards the heart

Question 42

Where is the SA (sinoatrial) node?

Answer 42

In the right atrium