Lab 1: Gross Brain

Question 1

What is the embryological origin of the brain?

Answer 1

Neuroectoderm

Question 2

What is the embryological origin of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

Neuroectoderm

Question 3

What is the embryological origin of the dura mater?

Answer 3

Paraxial Mesoderm

Question 4

What is the embryological origin of the pia-arachnoid mater?

Answer 4

Neural Crest Cells

Question 5

What are cisterns?

Answer 5

Openings of the subarachnoid space in the brain created by separations of the arachnoid and pia mater

Question 6

Where is cisterna magna?

Answer 6

Between Cerebellum and Medulla

Question 7

Where is pontine cistern?

Answer 7

Ventral surface of brainstem at junction of of pons and medulla

Question 8

Where is interpeduncular cistern?

Answer 8

Between two cerebral peduncles

Question 9

Where is quadrigeminal cistern?

Answer 9

Between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the superior surface of the cerebellum

Question 10

What is the foramen of Magendie?

Answer 10

Communication between fourth ventricle and Cisterna Magna

Question 11

What is the foramen of Luschka?

Answer 11

Communication between fourth ventricle and pontine cistern

Question 12

What is arachnoid villi/granulations?

Answer 12

Transfers CSF back to blood via venous sinuses

Question 13

What does the olive in the medulla do?

Answer 13

Relay center from telencephalon to cerebellum

Question 14

Where can glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves be found?

Answer 14

Postolivary sulcus: behind olive

Question 15

What composes the cerebellum?

Answer 15

Two lateral hemispheres

Midline Vermis

Question 16

What are the folds on the cerebellum called?

Answer 16

Folia

Question 17

What is another name for Cerebral peduncles?

Answer 17

Crus Cerebri

Question 18

What is the superior colliculus a reflex center for?

Answer 18

Sight

Question 19

What is the inferior colliculus a reflex center for?

Answer 19

Hearing

Question 20

Where are the superior and inferior colliculi found?

Answer 20

Dorsal surface of midbrain

Question 21

Where is the diencephalon located?

Answer 21

Between midbrain (mesencephalon) and cerebrum (telencephalon)

Question 22

What forms the caudal portion of hypothalamus and is rostral to the infundibular stalk of the pituitary gland?

Answer 22

Mammillary Bodies

Question 23

The optic nerves belong to which part of the brain?

Answer 23

Diencephalon

Question 24

Where do optic tracts terminate?

Answer 24

Lateral Geniculate Body

Question 25

What are the boundaries of the frontal lobe?

Answer 25

Posterior: Central Sulcus Inferior: Lateral Sulcus

Question 26

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

Answer 26

Precentral Gyrus of the Frontal Lobe

Question 27

What are the boundaries of the occipital lobe?

Answer 27

Anterior: Parieto-occipital sulcus Lateral: Preoccipital notch (between occipital and temporal lobe, superior to cerebellum)

Question 28

Where is the primary sensory cortex?

Answer 28

Postcentral gyrus of Parietal Lobe

Question 29

Where is insula located?

Answer 29

Deep to lateral sulcus

Question 30

What are the flaps that cover the insula called?

Answer 30

Operculum

Question 31

What two pairs of arteries supply the brain?

Answer 31

Internal Carotid Arteries | Vertebral Arteries

Question 32

What branch of the vertebral artery is found in the lower part of the medulla?

Answer 32

Posterior Spinal Artery

Question 33

What artery arises medially from the vertebral artery and unites on ventral surface of medulla?

Answer 33

Anterior Spinal Artery

Question 34

What do the two vertebral arteries form into at the pons?

Answer 34

Basilar Artery

Question 35

What does the labyrinthine artery supply?

Answer 35

Internal Auditory structures

Question 36

What does the basilar artery bifurcate into?

Answer 36

Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Question 37

How does the basilar artery communicate with internal carotid arteries?

Answer 37

Posterior communicating arteries

Question 38

What does the middle cerebral artery give off? | What does it supply?

Answer 38

Anterior Choroidal Artery and Lenticulostriate Arteries | -supply deep structures of cerebrum

Question 39

What does the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 39

Lower surface of temporal lobe | Medial surface of occipital lobe

Question 40

What does the middle cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 40

Lateral part of cerebral hemisphere

Question 41

What does the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 41

Medial part of cerebral hemisphere | Superior portion of lateral surface of frontal and parietal lobes

Question 42

Where do the veins of the brain drain into?

Answer 42

Dural Sinuses

Question 43

Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain to? | What vein drains the sinus?

Answer 43

Transverse Sinus | Superior Cerebral Veins

Question 44

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain to?

Answer 44

Straight Sinus

Question 45

Where does the Great Cerebral Vein drain to?

Answer 45

Straight Sinus

Question 46

What are the boundaries of the fourth ventricle?

Answer 46

Roof: Superior Medullary Velum and Cerebellum Lateral: Superior Cerebellar Peduncles Floor: Striae Medullares of thalamus (superior) and medulla (inferior)

Question 47

What structures can you see in the floor of the fourth ventricle (rhomboid fossa)?

Answer 47

Median Sulcus | Sulcus Limitans: separates motor and sensory nuclei

Question 48

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 48

Connects 3rd and 4th ventricle

Question 49

What are the boundaries of the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 49

Posterior: Tectal Plate (where superior and inferior colliculi sit) Anterior: Tegmentum

Question 50

What forms the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 50

Dorsal thalamus

Question 51

The thalamus contains nuclei of which pathway to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 51

Sensory Pathway