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Bio 251 > LAB 10 > Flashcards

LAB 10 Flashcards

1
Q

For Rapid’E coli agar what color does it turn if GAL Galactosidase is present?

A

Blue-green

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2
Q

For Rapid’E coli agar what color does it turn if GLUC Glucuronidase is present?

A

Pink
*ecoli has both = purple

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3
Q

Eosin Methylene blue turns what color if coliforms are present?

A

Pink - dark purple

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4
Q

Eosin Methylene blue turns what color if rapid lactose fermenters are present?

A

Metallic green colonies

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5
Q

Eosin methylene blue turns what color if no coliforms are present?

A

Orange-red

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6
Q

MacConkey agar turns what color if coliforms are present?

A

Pink

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7
Q

McConkey agar turns what color if coliforms are not present?

A

Tan

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8
Q

Hektoen Enteric Agar turns what color if any of the 3 sugars were fermented?

A

Yellow-pinkish-orange

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9
Q

Hektoen Enteric Agar turns what color if no coliforms are present?

A

Blue-green

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10
Q

Hektoen Enteric Agar turns what color if sulfur reduction occurred?

A

Black

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11
Q

S. aureus may be normal flora of?

A

Human nares and skin

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12
Q

E. Faecalis may be found in?

A

Gastrointestinal tract

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13
Q

Pyogenic causing abscesses and can invade tissues to cause systematic diseases like acute endocarditis, necrolytic pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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14
Q

It May be normal flora in the vaginal tract and is associated with urinary tract infections

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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15
Q

Common member of skin flora but it may be associated with nosocomial infections of the blood

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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16
Q

Species that can cause bloodstream infections and be resistant to antibiotics such as vancomycin and resistant enterococcus

A

Enterococcus

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17
Q

What are 2 metabolic products of cellular respiration

A

Reactive oxygen species and superoxide radicals

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18
Q

Organisms like staphylococcus that live in oxygen-rich environments must be able to break down?

A

Products of cellular respiration

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19
Q

Hydrogen peroxide h2o2 is an example of

A

reactive oxygen species

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20
Q

The enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

A

Catalase

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21
Q

Staphyloccus species are _____positive

A

Catalase

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22
Q

Performed by placing a loopful of bacteria into a drop of hydrogen peroxide and watching for the formation of oxygen bubbles

A

Catalase test

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23
Q

In the catalase test, if we see bubbles, it means? No bubbles?

A

Bubbles = species is staphyloccus
no bubbles = not staphyloccus - catalse negative

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24
Q

After a unknown bacterium is presumed Staphylococcus, what other methods can determine the species?

A

Mannitol salt
Hemolysin
Coagulase

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25
Mannitol Salt contains
Sugar mannitol and 7.5% salt
26
What 2 species of staphylococcus can ferment mannitol (sugar), and what color will it turn?
S. Aureus & S. saprophyticus - YELLOW
27
What species of staphylococcus cannot ferment mannitol (sugar), and what color will it turn?
S. epidermidis - RED
28
What does Hemolysin do?
Breaks down red blood cells similar to a-toxin of black widow. Causes local necrosis
29
If a species of staph is positive for hemolysin what will it show? Negative? and which species
S. Aureus positive - beta (complete) hemolysis S. epidermidis & S saprophyticus negative - gamma hemolysis
30
Study of diseases in a population \*how, when, where, what, who are involved in source of spread
Epidemiology
31
Occurrence of a disease in a population
Outbreak
32
Point source
everyone affected got it from a common source ie. food poisoning
33
Propagated
Diseases spread between people or animals. The number of cases builds over time
34
Case index or patient 0
A person who was originally infected
35
Diseases that occur in a particular community at higher than expected rates
Epidemic
36
an epidemic that spreads to more than 1 continent, infecting a large number of susceptible individuals
Pandemic
37
A disease that is spread between people. This causes a propagated outbreak
Communicable
38
a disease that is spread by vector (lymes disease)
Noncommunicable
39
a disease spread from an animal to a person (rabies)
Zoonosis
40
non-specific immunity, present at birth, no memory
Innate
41
developed as a result of exposure to a specific organism
Acquired
42
Resistance of a group to the invasion or spread of an infectious organism
Herd
43
Occur naturally in some bacteria to protect them from viral infections
Restriction enzymes
44
What do restriction enzymes do
recognize specific nucleotide sequences within DNA strands, bind to recognized sites, and cut DNA between those based, creating different-sized fragments
45
When multiple restriction enzymes are used a unique pattern of DNA fragments called
DNA fingerprint - which can be used to identify an unknown microorganism
46
To determine the number and size of DNA fragments, they must be
Separated by agarose gel electrophoresis
47
a porous material that provides a semi-solid medium for DNA to move through
agarose gel
48
Agarose gel also contains a chemical compound called? and does?
GelGreen - binds to DNA & will fluoresce under UV radiation
49
Gram-positive cocci include
Staphylococcus aureus & Enterococcus gecalis
50
Staphylococcus aureus causes
abscesses and has the ability to invade cause systemic diseases such as acute endocarditis, necrolytic pneumonia, and toxic shock syndrome Ex. MRSA
51
Enterococcus fecalis is a common cause of
bloodstream infections as well as being resistant to antibiotics ex. VRE
52
**Staphlyococcus are** gram ( ) Cocci Catalase ------- how will they show on the catalase test?
Gram POSITIVE cocci and catalase positive so they will bubble in on the catalase test they will bubble showing they have the enzyme catalase to break down toxic oxygen materials
53
What is the enzyme used by aerobic and facultative bacteria that breaks down toxic oxygen material
Catalase \*anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria do not have this and cannot live in oxygen
54
**S. Aureus** Mannitol salt? Hemolysin? Coagulase? Halotolerant?
**S. Aureus** Mannitol salt - POSITIVE - YELLOW Hemolysin - POSITIVE - Complete clearing B helolysis Coagulase - POSITIVE- clumps/clot Halotolerant - POSITIVE
55
S. saprophyticus Mannitol salt? Hemolysin? Coagulase? Halotolerant?
**S. saprophyticus** Mannitol salt - POSITIVE - YELLOW Hemolysin - NEGATIVE Coagulase - NEGATIVE Halotolerant - POSITIVE
56
**S. Epidermidis** Mannitol salt ? Hemolysin? Coagulase? Halotolerant?
Mannitol salt - NEGATIVE - RED Hemolysin - NEGATIVE - gamma Coagulase - NEGATIVE Halotolerant - POSITIVE
57
The catalase tests help determine between what 2 bacteria?
Positive - staphylococci Negative - Enterococcus
58
If Staphylococcus aureus is identified, what other important test should be done?
Coagulase
59
When scientists have a good idea of how much disease is occurring for a geographical area
epidemic rate of disease
60
Propogated epidemics are
infections that spread from one person to another because the disease is communicable
61
Define and differentiate point source and propagated epidemic?
**_Point source_** -persons are exposed over a brief time to the same source, such as a single meal or an event. **_Propagated epidemic_** - when the infection spreads from one person to another, e.g. through the air, via a vector, via contaminated food or water, or during unprotected sexual intercourse.
62
What is a microorganism that causes a pandemic?
virus
63
DNA generally exists as
2 long strands of complementary nucleotides
64
IN eukaryotes how does DNA appear? How does it appear in Viruses?
Eukaryotes - double helix circular form Viruses - single or double, circular or linear
65
DNA can be cut with enzymes called? and are useful for?
Restriction enzymes to protect against a viral infection by destroying the DNA
66
What is agarose gel electrophoresis used for
to separate negatively charged DNA fragments using an electric current

Bio 251 (17 decks)

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