Lab 4 Flashcards by Z Q

Ideal temp at which an organism can grow is called?
lowest temp at which an organism can grow is called?
Highest temp at which an organism can grow is called?

Optimum
Minimum
Maximum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the range of temps bacteria can grow?

0 celcius to over 110

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Turgor pressure

Water activity

Osmosis

Turgor pressure - how hard a cell pushes out into its environment

*higher turgor pressure = bloated cell

Water activity - the amount of water available for metabolic use

Osmosis - movement of water across a membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plasmolysis

Plasmolysis - membrane will pull away from the cell wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anaerobic

Reactive oxygen species

Anaerobic - no oxygen present

Reactive oxygen species - forms of oxygen that can damage cellular components

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Classifications for oxygen requirements

Strict aerobes -

Facultative Anaerobes -

Aerotolerant -

Microaerophilic -

Strict anaerobes -

Strict aerobes - Microbes that solely rely on oxygen as a final electron acceptor for cellular respiration to produce ATP

Facultative Anaerobes - Microbes that can use oxygen but don’t require it

Aerotolerant - Microbes that can tolerate the presence of oxygen but dont use it to make ATP

Microaerophilic - Microbes that require oxygen to grow but cant tolerate high concentrations of oxygen

Strict anaerobes - Microbes that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen at all. Rely on fermentation and/or anaerobic respiration to make ATP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acid-fast stain -

Mycolic acids -

Virulence factor -

Acid-fast stain - a differential stain that detects the presence or absence of mycolic acids in bacterial cell wall

Mycolic acids - waxy materials composed of fatty acids and fatty alcohols and are found in cell walls of bacteria from genera, Mycobacterium and Nocardia

Virulence factor - aids in the pathogenesis, causes bacteria to clump together, helps them survive phagocytosis, resistant to disinfectant and antimicrobial therapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kinyoun method -

Carbolfuchsin-

Fushia pink complex -

Kinyoun method - cold acid-fast stain method that uses phenolic compound, carbolfushsin, as primary dye

Carbolfuchsin- lipid-soluble, concentrated stain. Able to penetrate a waxy mycolic acid layer

Fushia pink complex - acid fast positive / BLUE negative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microbes that can only grow below 20 celsius

Pyschrophiles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microbes that grow at cold temps but can survive up to 35 celcius

*found in fridge

Psychrotrophs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adapted to temps of 15-45 Celcius

*human body 35-40

Mesophiles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Grow at 45 celcius

*hot springs, compost

Thermophiles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Can survive temps from 80-100 celcius

*deep ocean thermal vents

Extreme thermophiles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mesophiles that are able to survive at high temps for short times

*can survive pasteurization

Thermoduric

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CAn only survive very low salt concentrations

Non-tolerant

0-5%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microbes can grow in the moderate range of salt

Halotolerant

0-11%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microbes that will only grow in high salt concentrations

MIcrobes can only grow in high salt environments

Extreme halophiles 15-30%

Dead Sea nd Great salt lake

Microbes that can tolerate very high sugar concentrations

Osmophiles

Microbes that solely rely on oxygen to produce ATP

Strict aerobes

Microbes that use oxygen but do not require it

Facultative anaerobes

Microbes that can tolerate the presence of oxygen but do not use to create ATP

Aerotolerant

Microbes that require oxygen to grow but cannot tolerate a high concentration

Microaerophilic

Microbes that cannot grow in presence of oxygen and rely on fermentation and anaerobic respiration

Strict anaerobes

Mycolic acids are found in bacteria from the genre

mycobacterium and nocardia

What is a virulence factor

Virulence is described as an ability of an organism to infect the host and cause a disease. Causes this bacteria to clump together, survive phagocytosis, and resist disinfectants and microbial therapy Examples are toxins, surface coats that inhibit phagocytosis, and surface receptors that bind to host cells

acid-fast postive is what color negative?

positive - fuchsia-pink Negative - blue

What is the cellular target of acid-fast stain?

mycolic acids

What are 2 diseases caused by acid fast bacteria

Tuberculosis, Leprosy

Explain how the acid fast property of the bacterium is a virulence factor?

The myolic acid of myobacterium clump the cells together. it is a virulence factor that allow them to survive in phagocytes and make them resistant to disinfectants & antimicrobial therapy.

Explain a screening test and a more definitive test for diagnosis of tuberculosis

skin testing (screens people with high risk for tuberculosis but may have false results even if it test positive) Chest X-Ray Direct identification of myobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Cultural isolation & identification

Do animals get tuberculosis

yes

Explain the meaning of tb as a re-emerging infection?

diseases that once were major health problems globally or in a particular country, and then declined dramatically, but are again becoming health problems for a significant proportion of the population emergence of multidrug resistance and the interaction between TB and HIV infection are responsible for this surge.

Turbidity is measured by

absorbance using a spectrophotometer.

what are some examples of psyrotrophs

Mold and some bacteria such as Pseudomonas and are pathogens

Why are thermoduric bacteria important to consider after pasteurization

Thermoduric bacteria are “heat resistant” and able to survive at pasteurization temperature, and have the potential to cause loss of quality and shelf life in foods.

what is an example of a hypotonic environment

pure water

give examples of where you would find a halophilic halotolerant osmophilic

halophilic - great salt lake, dead sea halotolerant- hypersaline lakes osmophilic - jelly jars

What is the final electron acceptor for fermination? for anerobic respiration

Fermination - organic compound - carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, and nucleic acids, Anaerobic respiration - sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3–), or sulfur (S)

what are diseases caused by strict anaerobes

appendicitis abscess