Lab 10 Flashcards
(37 cards)
The ? is composed of the heart and the connecting blood vessels.
cardiovascular system
The vasculature is comprised of ?.
elastic and muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries,
venules, and veins
In the heart, the term ? refers to the period of contraction for either the atria or the ventricles and the term ? refers to the period of relaxation for either the atria or the ventricles.
- systole
- diastole
The two atria of the heart contract simultaneously (1), and as they relax (2) the ventricles contract (3). This is followed by relaxation of the ventricles
(4).
- atrial systole
- atrial diastole
- ventricular systole
- ventricular diastole
One complete heartbeat, in which first the atria and then the ventricles undergo systole followed by diastole.
cardiac cycle
Movement of blood through the heart and into the large arteries of the ? is dependent on the coordination of the systolic and diastolic rhythm of the heart and the integrity of the valves.
pulmonary and systemic circulations
Cardiac cycle phases
- A-V valves open; semilunar valves closed
- All valves closed; isovolumetric contraction
- Rapid ejection; aortic and pulmonic semilunar valves open, AV valves closed
- Reduced ejection; aortic and pulmonic valves open, AV valves closed
- Isovolumetric relaxation; all valves closed
- Rapid filling; AV valves open
- Reduced filling; AV valves open
When the ? valves close, two distinct sounds can be heard using a stethoscope.
- atrioventricular (AV)
- semilunar
The term ? is used to describe “listening for heart sounds.”
auscultation
The first heart sound (lub) is produced when the AV valves close due to increased pressure in the ventricles at phase two: ? (isovolumetric because the volume of the blood in the ventricles does
not change, though the pressure is increasing due to contraction).
isovolumetric contraction
The second heart sound (dub) is produced when the pressure in the ventricles falls below that of the great arteries; the ? (phase five).
isovolumetric relaxation phase
The first sound has both a (1) and a (2) component; the (3) closes just prior to the (4) and is the most audible of the two.
- tricuspid
- mitral
- mitral
- tricuspid
The mitral valve’s sound is clearest at the ?: the fifth left intercostal space just medial to the midclavicular line.
apex of the heart
The ? valve can be heard best at the fifth left intercostal space close to the sternum.
tricuspid
The aortic valve sound can be auscultated at the ? close to the sternum; the pulmonary valve at the ? close to the sternum.
- second right intercostal space
- second left intercostal space
Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart.
heart murmurs
Aortic stenosis is a ?.
systolic murmur
A ? is heard best over the ? sternum, with the following sound: “lub ssSSHHhh dub” (murmur gets louder as the ventricular pressure increases, then falls off as ventricular pressure decreases).
- systolic murmur
- left
? is a systolic murmur, heard best at the apex. It has the following sound: “lub shh dub”.
Mitral regurgitation
? is a ? murmur. “Lub dub sshhh” would indicate the flow of blood returning to
the left ventricle, heard best on the left side.
- Aortic insufficiency
- diastolic
? may occur due to thickening of the valve from infections or calcification. It impairs the blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, and is heard as a low pitched ? with the bell of the stethoscope that appears just before the first heart sound (increased atrial pressure).
- Mitral stenosis
- diastolic rumble
The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of any blood vessel
blood pressure
Clinically, BP refers to the pressure in the largest arteries caused by the (1) during (2) and the pressure remaining in the arteries during (3), thus two readings are required.
- left ventricle
- systole (systolic blood pressure)
- left ventricular diastole (diastolic blood pressure)
the pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular ejection (phase three).
Systolic pressure
