lab 10 Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is the cardiac output
how is it calculated
cardiac output is the rate at which blood leaves the heart strove volume ( volume of blood ejected per cardiac cycle) multiplied by the heart rate (# of bpm)
ventricular systole? what occurs
the total volume of each organ increases as blood ejected from the heart rushes into organ’s tissues … pulsatile increase in tissue volume is described as pulse amplitude
ventricular diastole ? what occurs
each organs volume decreases, returning to its baseline tissue volume, as the blood ebbs past the organ and back towards the heart
hydrostatic pressure
changes in the interstitial fluid volume of an organ or tissue occur when there is an increase or decrease in the BP within local capillaries
vasomotor tone
tension within a blood vessels wall.. determines the resistance or pressure exerted by the vessel wall on blood flowing through the vessel
vasodilation vs vasoconstriction
dilation = widening of blood vessel
constriction =narrowing of a blood vessel by smooth muscle contraction
how does a stethoscope work?
diaphragm vibrates like a eardrum, and moves the column of air inside stethoscope tube up and down, moves air in and our of air drum for you to hear sound
how can hearing loss occur from stethoscope?
stethoscopes are sound amplifiers, tapping or speaking into it can cause hearing loss
you are deoxygenated blood. write out the order of the anatomical parts (vessels, valves, chambers) through which you will travel. Start at the venae cave and finish when you are no longer deoxygenated.
deoxygenated =vena cave–> right atrium –> right AV valve (tricuspid)–> right ventricle –> pulmonary semilunar valve –> pulmonary arteries -> lungs
oxygenated= lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> left AV–> bicuspid/mitral valve –> left ventricle –> aortic semilunar valve
darth vader is notorious for his loud wheezing through his mask, it is proposed that he had a respiratory issue due to volcanic atmosphere exposure as a result of his duel on mustafar with obi-wan kenobi and that his mask housed a BPAP system to help him breathe. BPAP systems create increases (positive) pressure, much like a ventilator. How would this help vader breath? explain process
ventilators blow air with extra oxygen into the airways and then the lungs, the airways are pipes that carry oxygen rich air, also carry carbon dioxide, our of lungs
the volume of air that flows into or out of the alveoli per unit time is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the atmosphere and alveoli and inversely proportional to the resistance to flow of the airways.
what does a sphygmomanometer measure
blood pressure is measured by this. it is a pneumatic (inflatable) cuff which is wrapped around the upper arm. Measures how much pressure is used for the compression.
what are korotkoff’s sounds
when pressure is in between systolic and diastolic, the artery will be slightly open and blood flow will be turbulent producing these sounds
what do intercostal and diaphragm muscles do
the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the volume of the thorax and the lungs by expanding the thoracic cage horizontally by lowering the floor of the thoracic cage vertically
spirometry ?
detection, measurement and recording of air movement into and out of the lungs during respiratory cycle
devices that measure the volume of air inhaled and exhaled
closed spirometer
(bell) trap expired air in a sealed chamber and measure air volume
open spirometer
(hand) does not trap expired air, but measures the air as it moves past a flow sensor
pneumography
detection, measurement and recording of the force and speed of chest movements
as the volume in air spaces increases pressure within lungs falls
moves from high –> low pressure
CO2 + H2O -> H2co3 -> hco3- + H+
two main heart sounds heard
lub- closure of the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral )
dub - closure of pulmonary and aortic valves
what is normal quiet resting breathing?
eupnea (10-15 respiratory cycles per minute)
the most important chemoreceptors influencing respiration are
CO2, H ion, oxygen
what affects the distribution of blood flow?
changes in vasomotor tone, the number of open and closed capillary beds in each organ, signals from the autonomic nervous system
the diaphragm ___ during inspiration
contracts
the tibial posterior artery is one of the several points a doctor can take your pulse. If there is a weak pulse at this region, what might this tell the doctor about your blood pressure and circulatory system
the tibial posterior artery is the furthest from the heart which mean the pulse might not be as strong. a weak pulse in feet can also be caused by low levels of activity and a buildup of cholesterol and plaque in feet
