lab 10: digestive, urinary and reproductive systems

Question 1

7 essential processes of digestion

Answer 1

Ingestion
Mastication
Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Compaction
Excretion

Question 2

3 layers of the mucosa

Answer 2

• mocosal epithelium: stratified or simple epithelium
• lamina propria: areolar tissue
• muscularis mucosae: smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Question 3

what type of tissue is the submucosa made of

Answer 3

dense irregular tissue

Question 4

muscular layer made of what tissue

Answer 4

smooth muscle

Question 5

serosa made of 2 types of tissues

Answer 5

mesothelium (simple squamous) and loose connective tissue

Question 6

what divisions of the nervous system innervate smooth muscle tissue

Answer 6

sympathetic and parasympathetic division

Question 7

smooth muscle vs skeletal muscle

Answer 7

smooth : single nuclei, shorter, small spindled branches, nonstriated
skeletal : multiple nuclei, long, large round cells, striated

Question 8

what is a mesentary

Answer 8

fused, double sheets of peritoneal membrane that connects the visceral and parietal peritoneum.

Question 9

what tissue lines the mouth and pharynx

Answer 9

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

4 digestive functions of the mouth

Answer 10

sensory analysis, lubrication, mechanical processing, limited digestion

Question 11

4 functions of the tongue

Answer 11

mechanical processing, manipulation, sensory analysis, secretion of mucins and enzymes

Question 12

2 types of cells in salivary glands

Answer 12

serous secretory cells, mucous secretory cells

Question 13

functions of the palate

Answer 13

raise of palate and pharyngeal wall

Question 14

3 phases of swallowing

Answer 14

buccal phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase

Question 15

what is the opening in the diaphragm the esophagus passes through

Answer 15

esophageal hiatus

Question 16

3 processes of the stomach

Answer 16

storage of food, mechanical breakdown, and chemical digestion

Question 17

what tissue forms the mucosal epithelium in the stomach

Answer 17

simple columnar

Question 18

3 functions of the greater omentum

Answer 18

protective padding, lipid energy reserve, insulation

Question 19

3 features of the intestines that increase surface area

Answer 19

plicae circularis, intestinal villi, microvilli

Question 20

function of lacteals

Answer 20

transport lipid-protein complexes to venous circulation

Question 21

intestinal crypt functions

Answer 21

deep pockets where stem cell divine occurs

Question 22

what happens in the duodenum

Answer 22

receives chyme and enzymes from pancreas and liver

Question 23

what happens in the jejunum

Answer 23

bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 24

what controls movement through the small intestine

Answer 24

weak peristaltic contractions

Question 25

3 functions of large intestine

Answer 25

reabsorption of water and electrolytes, absorption of vitamins, storing of fecal matter

Question 26

mucosal epithelium in large intestine made of

Answer 26

simple columnar epithelium

Question 27

function of the rectum

Answer 27

stores fecal matter

Question 28

3 functions of the liver

Answer 28

metabolic regulation, hematological regulation, synthesis and secretion of bile

Question 29

function of the common hepatic duct

Answer 29

collects and transports bile out of the liver to the duodenum

Question 30

function of the gallbladder

Answer 30

stores and concentrates bile before secretion to small intestine

Question 31

pancreas functions

Answer 31

producing digestive enzymes and buffers

Question 32

renal corpuscle function

Answer 32

produces filtrate

Question 33

proximal convoluted tubule function

Answer 33

reabsorption of water, ion, and organic material

Question 34

nephron loop function

Answer 34

descending portion: water reabsorption | ascending portion: reabsorption of sodium and chloride

Question 35

distal convoluted tubule function

Answer 35

secretes ions, acids, drugs and toxins

Question 36

collecting system consists of ... and its function is ...

Answer 36

connecting tubules, collecting ducts, papillary ducts | function: final adjustments of osmotic concentration and volume

Question 37

what is the glomerulus

Answer 37

a capillary network

Question 38

7 functions of the urinary system

Answer 38

regulates plasma concentration of Na, K, Cl, and Ca, regulates blood volume and pressure, regulates blood pH, conserves nutrients, elimates metabolic waste

Question 39

3 functions of the epididymus

Answer 39

monitors and adjusts composition of fluid, recycles damages sperms, stores sperms and facilitates maturation

Question 40

what do ovaries produce

Answer 40

ova and hormones

Question 41

broad ligament is made of

Answer 41

mesothelial cells