lab 5: lower limb

Question 1

3 bones that make up the coxal bone

Answer 1

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 2

4 bones of the pelvis

Answer 2

2 coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx

Question 3

8 muscles that attach to the iliac crest

Answer 3

• iliocostalis lumborum m.
• quadratus lumborum m
• internal oblique m
• transverse abdominis m
• external oblique m
• rectus abdominis m
• gluteus medius m
• tensor fascia latae muscle

Question 4

what muscles attach at the anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 4

• inguinal ligament

- sartorius m

Question 5

what attaches at the anterior iliac spine

Answer 5

rectus femoris

Question 6

what attaches at the ischial tuberosity

Answer 6

hamstrings ( biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

Question 7

why are the femur and the lower limb bones thicker and stronger than others in the body?

Answer 7

these bones have to sustain stress in weight bearing and locomotion

Question 8

what attaches at the fovea capitis

Answer 8

ligament of the head of the femur

Question 9

what inserts at the greater trochanter

Answer 9

gluteus medius and minimus, and piriformis

Question 10

what originates at the linea aspera

Answer 10

vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius, and insertions of adductor muscles

Question 11

3 functions of the patella

Answer 11

1. strengthens the quadriceps tendon
2. protects the anterior surface of the knee joint
3. serves as anatomical pulley that increases contraction once of quadriceps femoris

Question 12

what attaches at the tibial tuberosity

Answer 12

patellar ligament

Question 13

what originates at the soleal line

Answer 13

popliteus and soleus muscle

Question 14

the lateral malleolus articulates with what

Answer 14

talus

Question 15

3 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint

Answer 15

sacroiliac ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament

Question 16

functions of the medial and lateral menisci

Answer 16

• acts as cushion
• conforms to shape of articulating surfaces
• increases surface area of tibiofemoral joint
• provides later stability

Question 17

functions of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Answer 17

• limit anterior and posterior movement go the femur

- maintain alignment of femoral and tibial condyles

Question 18

functions of medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Answer 18

• reinforce medial and lateral surface of the knee joint by tightening at full extension

Question 19

what is the talocrural joint?

Answer 19

tibia and fibula articulating with talus bone

• hinge
• allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 20

classification of the tibiofibular joints (proximal, middle and distal)

Answer 20

• proximal : planar
• middle : amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis
• distal : planar and fibrous syndesmosis

Question 21

name the 2 arches of the foot

Answer 21

longitudinal arch and transverse arch

Question 22

gluteus maximus m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 22

• origin: iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, lateral surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, thoracolumbar fascia
• insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
• action: extension and lateral rotation of thigh at the hip. superior fibres abduct thigh at hip

Question 23

gluteus medius m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 23

origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium btwn posterior and anterior gluteal lines
- insertion: greater trochanter of femur
- action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip

Question 24

gluteus minimus m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 24

origin: lateral surface of ilium btwn inferior and anterior gluteal lines
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh and hip

Question 25

tensor fascia latae m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 25

origin: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine insertion: iliotibial tract action: abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip

Question 26

what muscles make up the lateral rotator group? (4)

Answer 26

piriformus, obturators, gemelli, quadratus femoris

Question 27

function of the iliotibial tract/band?

Answer 27

provides lateral brace for the knee, particularly when standing on one foot

Question 28

what tissue is the IT band composed of?

Answer 28

collagen fibers

Question 29

iliacus m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 29

origin: iliac fossa insertion: femur distal to lesser trochanter, tendon fused with that of psoas major action: flexion of thigh at hip

Question 30

psoas major m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 30

origin: anterior surfaces and transverse processes of vertebrae insertion: lesser trochanter in company with iliacus action: flexion of thigh of hip

Question 31

adductor magnus m. action

Answer 31

adduction of thigh at hip

Question 32

adductor longus m. action

Answer 32

adduction, flexion, medial rotation of thigh at hip

Question 33

what are the muscles of the hamstrings (3)

Answer 33

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Question 34

hamstring actions

Answer 34

flexion of leg at knee, extension of thigh at hip

Question 35

biceps femoris m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 35

origin: ischial tuberosity (long head), line aspera (short head) insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and lateral rotation of thigh at hip

Question 36

semimembranosus m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 36

origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip

Question 37

semitendinosus m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 37

origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: proximal medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracilis action: flexion of leg at knee, extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip

Question 38

gracilis m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 38

origin: inferior rams of pubis insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle action: flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee, adduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip

Question 39

rectus femoris m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 39

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and and superior acetabulum rim of ilium insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament action: extension of leg at knee, flexion of thigh at hip

Question 40

sartorius m. origin, insertion, action

Answer 40

origin: anterior superior iliac spine insertion: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity action: abduction, flexion, lateral rotation of thigh at hip, flexion of leg at knee

Question 41

4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 41

vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

Question 42

quadriceps femoris insertion, action

Answer 42

insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon action: extension of leg at knee

Question 43

popliteus m. origin, insertion, function

Answer 43

origin: lateral condyle of femur insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft function: slight medial rotation of tibia, unlocks joint

Question 44

gastrocnemius m. action

Answer 44

plantar flexion of foot at ankle, flexion of leg at knee

Question 45

soleus m. action

Answer 45

plantar flexion of foot at ankle

Question 46

fibularis longus m. action

Answer 46

eversion and plantar flexion of foot

Question 47

fibularis brevis m. action

Answer 47

eversion and plantar flexion of foot

Question 48

tibialis anterior m. action

Answer 48

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Question 49

tibialis posterior m. action

Answer 49

inversion and plantar flexion foot

Question 50

calcaneal tendon is common insertion of what 2 muscles

Answer 50

gastrocnemius and soleus