lab 7: autonomic, nervous system 2

Question 1

functions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

• regulated functions of internal organs, such as heart, stomach and intestines
• part of the PNS, controls some muscles within body

Question 2

autonomic NS vs. somatic NS function

Answer 2

• ANS controls involuntary actions (beating heart, perspiration)
• SNS controls voluntary actions via nerve impulses from the PNS

Question 3

2 subdivisions of the autonomic NS

Answer 3

• sympathetic (during exertion, stress or emergency)

parasympathetic (resting conditions)

Question 4

how many neurons involved in efferent autonomic NS

Answer 4

2 - preganglionic and postganglionic

Question 5

general function of the parasym. and sym. NS

Answer 5

sympathetic - fight or flight, increase HR, BP, breathing, vasodilation, decrease digestion
parasympathetic - rest and digest, increase nutrient uptake, decrease HR breathing, metabolism

Question 6

location of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic NS

Answer 6

brain stem, lateral portion of anterior gray horn S2-S4

Question 7

location of preganglionic neurons in sympathetic NS

Answer 7

lateral gray horns of spinal segments from T1-L2

Question 8

location of PNS ganglia in parasympathetic NS

Answer 8

terminal

Question 9

location of PNS ganglia in sympathetic NS

Answer 9

intramural (terminal for nose, eyes and salivary glands)

Question 10

preganglionic fibres of sympathetic NS

Answer 10

myelinated, short, release Ach

Question 11

preganglionic fibres of parasympathetic NS

Answer 11

myelinated, long, release Ach

Question 12

postganglionic fibres of parasympathetic NS

Answer 12

unmyelinated, short, release Ach

Question 13

postganglionic fibres of sympathetic NS

Answer 13

unmyelinated, long, release norepinephrine

Question 14

why is the sympathetic NS also called thoracolumbar division

Answer 14

nerves exit spinal cord from thoracic and lumbar regions (T1-L2)

Question 15

what type of fibres of the sympathetic ANS travel through white rami communicantes

Answer 15

myelinated preganglionic fibers

Question 16

where are the sympathetic chain ganglia found?

Answer 16

in the ventral roots of spinal nerves T1-L2

Question 17

what type of nerve fibers travel through the gray rami communicantes

Answer 17

unmyelinated postganglionic fibers

Question 18

what are the visceral effector organs innervated by the sympathetic ANS in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 18

heart and lungs

Question 19

what is inside the collateral ganglia?

Answer 19

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

what visceral effector organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are innervated by the sympathetic ANS?

Answer 20

liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, large and small intestine, sex organs, excretory organs

Question 21

what effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the visceral effector organs

Answer 21

inhibits blood flow to organs, decrease activity to abdominopelvic cavity

Question 22

why is the parasympathetic NS also known as the craniosacral division?

Answer 22

nerves exit the spinal cord through the brain stem and sacral region

Question 23

cranial nerve III innervates

Answer 23

eye, tears

Question 24

cranial nerve VII innervates

Answer 24

salivary gland, tears

Question 25

cranial nerve IX innervates

Answer 25

salivary gland, tears

Question 26

cranial nerve X innervates

Answer 26

heart, liver, lungs, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, long and short intestines

Question 27

what is a nerve plexus

Answer 27

bundles of nerves

Question 28

what level does the sacral section of the parasympathetic division exit the spinal cord

Answer 28

S2-S4

Question 29

4 organs innervated by the sacral parasympathetic neurons

Answer 29

uterus, ovary, penis, scrotum, urinary bladder, kidney, rectum

Question 30

what are ventricles?

Answer 30

fluid filled cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 31

functions of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 31

- prevents contact between brain and surrounding bones - supports the brain - transports nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products

Question 32

2 layers of the dura mater

Answer 32

endosteal layer and meningeal layer

Question 33

what are the dural sinuses

Answer 33

between the endosteal and meningeal layer, filled with interstitial fluid and blood vessels

Question 34

what flows in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 34

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 35

what is the pia mater?

Answer 35

highly vascular membrane that acts as a floor to support the large central blood vessels as they branch over the brain

Question 36

white matter contains

Answer 36

myelinated axons

Question 37

gray matter contains

Answer 37

nerve cell bodies, glial cells, and unmyelinated axons

Question 38

frontal lobe function

Answer 38

conscious control of skeletal muscles

Question 39

temporal lobe function

Answer 39

conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli

Question 40

parietal lobe function

Answer 40

conscious perception of touch, press, vibration, pain, temperature and taste

Question 41

occipital lobe function

Answer 41

conscious perception of visual stimuli

Question 42

prefrontal cortex function

Answer 42

perform complicated learning and reasoning functions, provides emotional context and motivation, producing future consequences of events

Question 43

insula lobe function

Answer 43

language and balance, visceral functions (upset stomach, full bladder), some aspects of smell

Question 44

precentral gyrus function

Answer 44

primary motor cortex; voluntary movement by controlling somatic motor neurons

Question 45

postcentral gyrus function

Answer 45

primary sensory cortex; receive somatic sensory info from touch, pressure, pain, taste and temp receptors from dorsal columns and spinothalamic tracts

Question 46

corpus callosum function

Answer 46

composed of central white matter and links the right and left hemispheres

Question 47

thalamus function

Answer 47

- relay center for sensory and motor pathways - filters info for sensory actions -

Question 48

hypothalamus function

Answer 48

Sex drives, hunger and appetite, autonomic function | Little bit emotional and endocrine

Question 49

midbrain function

Answer 49

-process visual and auditory info and generates responses to the stimuli

Question 50

pons function

Answer 50

involved with involuntary control of respiration

Question 51

cerebellum function

Answer 51

- planning, execution, and coordination of limb and trunk movements - maintenance of balance and control of eye movements - motor movements such as posture, balance, coordination and speech

Question 52

medulla oblongata function

Answer 52

helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing and swallowing

Question 53

2 types of nerves

Answer 53

cranial nerves and spinal nerves