Lab 10 Joints and Muscular System

Question 1

The Functional Classification of joints is based on:

Answer 1

The amount of movement that can occur at the joint.

Question 2

List the 3 basic types of functional activity of joints.

Answer 2

Synarthorses; immovable
Ampiarthroses; slightly moveable
Diarthroses; movable

Question 3

The Structural Classification of joints relies on:

Answer 3

The type of connective tissues which binds the articulating surfaces together.

Question 4

What are the 3 structural joint classifications?

Answer 4

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 5

What are the 2 types of Fibrous Joints?

Answer 5

Sutures

Syndesmoses

Question 6

What is an example of a Syndesmoses joint?

Answer 6

Between the tibia and fibula distally

Question 7

Where are examples of sutures located?

Answer 7

Cranial and facial bones.

Question 8

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 8

1) Synchondroses

2) Symphyses

Question 9

Functionally what type of cartilaginous joint is the articulation of rib 1 and the manubrium?

Answer 9

Synchondroses

Question 10

What is an example of a Symphyses cartilaginous joint?

Answer 10

Intervertebral d0iscs between the bodies of the vertebrae

Question 11

List the 6 types of Synovial Joints.

Answer 11

1) Plane
2) Hinge
3) Pivot
4) Condyloid
5) Saddle
6) Ball and Socket

Question 12

The shoulder and hip joint are examples of what type of synovial joint?

Answer 12

Ball and Socket

Question 13

Give 2 examples of Plane joints.

Answer 13

1) Between carpal bones of the wrist

2) Sternocostal joints of ribs 2-7

Question 14

The elbow joint is an example of a pivot joint.

True/False

Answer 14

False. It is a hinge joint.

Question 15

Give 3 examples of Hinge Joints.

Answer 15

1) Elbow
2) Knee
3) Ankle

Question 16

What type of synovial joint is formed by the atlas and axis?

Answer 16

Pivot Joint

Question 17

Describe a Condyloid Joint and give an example.

Answer 17

An oval convex surface of one bone fits into an oval concave surface of another bone.
-Between metacarpals and phalanges or metatarsals and phalanges

Question 18

The articulations between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb is what type of synovial joint?

Answer 18

Saddle Joint

Question 19

Describe between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

Answer 19

Dorsiflexion- toes point toward shin (flexed foot)

Plantar flexion- toes point downward

Question 20

What is the movement of extension beyond anatomical position.

Answer 20

Hyperextension

Question 21

Define between eversion and inversion movements of the foot.

Answer 21

Eversion- soles turn outward

Inversion- soles turn inward (how I role my ankle)

Question 22

How many degrees do Rotation and Circumduction allow for?

Answer 22

Rotation- 180

Circumduction- 360

Question 23

What is the most unstable joint in the body and what type of joint is it functionally and structurally?

Answer 23

Shoulder Joint (Glenohumeral Joint)
Functionally: Diarthroses
Structurally: Synovial (Ball and Socket)

Question 24

List the supporting ligaments of the shoulder joints.

Answer 24

• Coracoclavicular Ligament
• Acromioclavicular Ligament
• Coracoacromial Ligament
• Coracohumeral Ligament

Question 25

How many bursa are found in the knee joint?

Answer 25

At least 12

Question 26

The ________ is embedded in the patellar ligament.

Answer 26

Patella

Question 27

What are the 3 ligaments involved in the hip joint?

Answer 27

- Iliofemoral Ligaments - Pubofemoral Ligament - Ischiofemoral Ligament

Question 28

What ligament is concealed within the hip joint that supplies the femur?

Answer 28

Ligamentum teres

Question 29

What are 2 functions of synovial joints?

Answer 29

- Lubricate the 2 articulating bones | - Provide nutrients to the articulating cartilage

Question 30

What is the function of the ligaments surrounding a joint?

Answer 30

To reinforce and strengthen synovial joints.

Question 31

Inflammation of tendons due to overuse is called what?

Answer 31

Tendonitis

Question 32

Describe arthritis.

Answer 32

Painful inflammation and stiffness of joints.

Question 33

Define the Origin of a muscle.

Answer 33

The bony site of attachment of a muscle at the relatively stationary end of a bone (proximal attachment)

Question 34

The middle thicker portion of a muscle is called what?

Answer 34

Belly

Question 35

The attachment site on the bone which moves is called the ______ of a muscle.

Answer 35

Insertion

Question 36

Define between Agonist and Antagonist.

Answer 36

Agonist: The muscles whose contraction is the primary mover for an action. Antagonist: The muscle that stretches/yields at the movement of another muscle (agonist).

Question 37

What muscle term stabilizes the origin of the agonist so that the agonist can move more efficiently.

Answer 37

Fixator

Question 38

Define Synergist.

Answer 38

Muscles that contract at the same time to produce an action.

Question 39

Name the 3 muscle layers of the abdominal wall from most external to internal.

Answer 39

1) External Oblique 2) Internal Oblique 3) Transverse Abdominis