Lab 14 Digestive System

Question 1

What are the 2 main components of the digestive system?

Answer 1

• Digestive Tract

- Accessory Organs

Question 2

What are all the accessory organs?

Answer 2

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 3

What are the gums called?

Answer 3

Gingiva

Question 4

What are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 4

food manipulation, taste, speech

Question 5

What is the process of teeth breaking down food?

Answer 5

Mastication

Question 6

What are the function of inisors?

Answer 6

cutting and shearing foods

Question 7

What type of tooth tears food with a single cusp?

Answer 7

Canine

Question 8

How many cusps for premolars have?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What are the function of molars?

Answer 9

Grinding food into small pieces

Question 10

How many teeth are in the average adults mouth?

Answer 10

32

Question 11

How many teeth are in a child mouth with deciduous teeth?

Answer 11

20

Question 12

What are the 2 principal parts of a tooth?

Answer 12

Crown: exposed portion of the tooth

Root: imbedded in the alveolus (bony socket) of the maxilla and mandible

Question 13

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands and where are they located?

Answer 13

1) Parotid Gland; largest, anterior to the ear
2) Submandibular Glands; inner surface of the mandible
3) Sublingual Gland; anterior and deep to the submandibular glands

Question 14

What do the salivary glands secrete?

Answer 14

Saliva

Question 15

What does saliva contain and how does it aid in digestion?

Answer 15

Enzyme: salivary amylase

- begins the digestion of carbohydrates

Question 16

What are the functions of saliva?

Answer 16

• Lubricating the mouth
• Moisten food
• Dissolve chemicals in food so they can be tasted

Question 17

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

Answer 17

• nasopharnyx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 18

Which 2 regions of the pharynx are involved in the digestive system?

Answer 18

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 19

What structure closes of the larynx so foods and fluids do not enter the respiratory tract?

Answer 19

epiglottis

Question 20

Where does chemical digestion begin?

Answer 20

Stomach

Question 21

Where is chemical digestion completed in the body?

Answer 21

Small Intestine

Question 22

In order what are the 3 regions of the small intestine

Answer 22

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 23

Which region of the small intestine receives secretions from the pancreas, liver and gall bladder?

Answer 23

Duodenum

Question 24

Where does absorption of nutrients begin in the digestive tract ?

Answer 24

Small Intestine

Question 25

What is the major function of the large intestine?

Answer 25

Absorption of water from undigested food material

Question 26

What are the 3 accessory organs within the abdominal cavity?

Answer 26

Gall Bladder, Liver, Pancreas

Question 27

What is the digestive function of the liver?

Answer 27

To produce and secrete bile.

Question 28

What are the lobes of the liver called and what are their shape?

Answer 28

Hexagonal, lobules

Question 29

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 29

Store and concentrate bile.

Question 30

How does the pancreas aid in digestion within the duodenum?

Answer 30

Secretory cells produce pancreatic juice which contains many important enzymes

Question 31

What is the function of the fluid produced by the peritoneum?

Answer 31

Combine the digestive organs to the abdominopelvic cavity, lubricate and protect the organs.

Question 32

What are the 3 layers of the esophagus?

Answer 32

- Mucosa: inner layer - Submucosa: middle layer filled of blood vessels and nerves - Muscularis: external layer of longitudinal muscle

Question 33

What type of epithelium comprises the mucosa of the esophagus?

Answer 33

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 34

What is the major movement in the digestive tract?

Answer 34

Peristalsis

Question 35

What type of epithelium is common to the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine?

Answer 35

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 36

What is distinctive to the tissues of the stomach?

Answer 36

Gastric Pits

Question 37

What are the 3 layers of the Muscularis layer of the stomach?

Answer 37

- Oblique Muscle - Circular Muscle - Longitudinal Muscle

Question 38

Are goblet cells visible in the small intestine?

Answer 38

Yes.

Question 39

What is distinctive to the histology of the small intestine?

Answer 39

Villi

Question 40

Why are goblet cells so abundant in the large intestine?

Answer 40

Because they produce mucin which absorbs water.

Question 41

Define automaticity.

Answer 41

The ability to contract without nervous stimulation.

Question 42

What is rhythmicity?

Answer 42

A regular pattern of repeated contractions.

Question 43

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in visceral smooth muscle regarding the GI tract?

Answer 43

To regulate the rate and he relative strength of contraction.

Question 44

What 2 characteristics of visceral smooth muscle are responsible for peristalsis?

Answer 44

Automaticity and Rhythmicity