Lab 2: Elbow, forearm

Question 1

humerus greater tubercle

Answer 1

prominent area at top of the humerus and is the attachment for the two large, powerful rotator cuff muscles - supraspinatus and infraspinatus.

Question 2

humerus lesser tubercle

Answer 2

although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medially and anteriorly.

Question 3

deltoid tuberosity

Answer 3

a rough, triangular[1] area on the anterolateral (front-side) surface of the middle of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches.

Question 4

radial groove

Answer 4

the shallow groove that passes around the shaft of the humerus; it lies between the humeral attachments of the lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii; the radial nerve and deep brachial artery course within the groove.

Question 5

Medial epicondyle

Answer 5

is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position. It gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin (the common flexor tendon) of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm

Question 6

Intertubercular groove

Answer 6

separates greater and lesser tubercles of humerus. lodges the long tendon of the Biceps Brachii muscle between the tendons of Pectoralis Major on the lateral lip and Teres Major on the medial lip. It also transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder-joint.

Question 7

Lateral supracondylar ridge

Answer 7

a prominent, rough margin, a little curved from behind forward, formed by the lower part of the lateral border of the body of the humerus. origin of the brancioradioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, triceps brachii, and attachment of the lateral intermuscular septum

Question 8

lateral epicondyle

Answer 8

a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the supinator and some of the extensor muscles. Specifically, these extensor muscles include the anoconeus muscle, the supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti, and extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 9

Capitulum

Answer 9

a smooth, rounded eminence on the anterior lateral side of the humerus, It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.

Question 10

trochlea of humerus

Answer 10

the medial portion of the articular portion of the elbow joint which articulates which articulates with the trochlear notchon the ulna in the forearm

Question 11

radius

Answer 11

lateral bone of forearm

Question 12

radial tuberosity

Answer 12

an eminence beneath the radius neck on the medial side, which is divided into 2 a rough anterior portion for the insertion of the biceps brachii tendon, and a posterior, smooth portion, on which a bursa is interposed between the tendon and the bone

Question 13

ulnar crest

Answer 13

gives attachement for interosseous membrane

Question 14

ulna

Answer 14

medial bone of forearm

Question 15

supinator fossa of ulna

Answer 15

on ulna proximal, next to ulnar crest

Question 16

olecranon process of ulna

Answer 16

a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow

Question 17

coranoid process of ulna

Answer 17

a triangular eminence projecting forward from the anterior proximal portion of the ulna.

Question 18

Trochlear Notch of ulna

Answer 18

a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus.

Question 19

carpals

Answer 19

the 8 wrist bones of each hand, arranged in proximal and distal rows of 4 bones each

Question 20

metacarpals

Answer 20

5 bones which span the palm of each hand

Question 21

phalanges

Answer 21

14 on each hand, 2 for the thumb (1st digit), and 3 for each of the remaining 4 digits

Question 22

anular ligament

Answer 22

surrounds the radial head in the proximal radio-ulnar articulation

Question 23

ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 23

on the medial side of the elbow

Question 24

biceps brachii origin

Answer 24

short head: apex of coracoid process of scapula; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Question 25

biceps brachii insertion

Answer 25

tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Question 26

biceps brachii main actions

Answer 26

supinates flexed forearm; flexes forearm at elbow; weak arm flexor

Question 27

strengthening for biceps brachii

Answer 27

hold weights in hands, hold arms in anatomical position, flex forearm at elbow, lower, repeat

Question 28

stretching for biceps brachii

Answer 28

abduct shoulder to 90 degrees with arm straight and against a wall, rotate torso in opposite direction of arm

Question 29

brachialis origin

Answer 29

distal half of anterior humerus

Question 30

brachialis insertion

Answer 30

coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Question 31

brachialis and brachioradialis main actions

Answer 31

flexes forearm at elbow in all positions

Question 32

brachioradialis origin

Answer 32

proximal two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Question 33

brachioradialis insertion

Answer 33

lateral surface of distal end of radius

Question 34

brachialis and brachioradialis strengthening

Answer 34

hold weights in hands, hold arms in anatomical position, flex forearm at elbow, lower, repeat

Question 35

brachialis and brachioradialis stretching

Answer 35

abduct shoulder to 90 degrees with arm straight and against a wall, rotate torso in opposite direction of arm

Question 36

pronator teres origin

Answer 36

medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Question 37

pronator teres insertion

Answer 37

middle of lateral surface of radius

Question 38

pronator teres main actions

Answer 38

pronates forearm and flexes elbow

Question 39

pronator teres strengthening

Answer 39

hold round weights in hands, abduct shoulder, then pronate forearm and flex elbow

Question 40

pronator teres stretching

Answer 40

abduct arm then supinate forearm by rotating forearm laterally, then holding in place by placing opposite hand on rotated arm's hand

Question 41

pronator quadratus origin

Answer 41

distal fourth of anterior surface of ulna

Question 42

pronator quadratus insertion

Answer 42

distal fourth of anterior surface of radius

Question 43

pronator quadratus main action

Answer 43

pronates forearm

Question 44

pronator quadratus strengthening

Answer 44

hold round weights in hands, abduct shoulder, then pronate forearm

Question 45

pronator quadratus stretching

Answer 45

abduct arm then supinate forearm by rotating forearm laterally, then holding in place by placing opposite hand on rotated arm's hand

Question 46

supinator origin

Answer 46

lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral, and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; and crest of ulna

Question 47

supinator instertion

Answer 47

lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Question 48

supinator action

Answer 48

supinates forearm

Question 49

supinator strengthening

Answer 49

hold weights in hands, then supinate forearms with elbows flexed at 90 degrees

Question 50

supinator stretching

Answer 50

flex shoulder in front of body, then pronate forearm, taking opposite hand and holding hand of pronated forearm in place.

Question 51

triceps brachii origin

Answer 51

long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head: posterior humerus; medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

Question 52

triceps brachii insertion

Answer 52

proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Question 53

triceps brachii main actions

Answer 53

extends forearm at elbow; is chief extensor of elbow; steadies head of abducted humerus (long head)

Question 54

triceps brachii strengthening

Answer 54

get in a reverse pushup position on a bench by keeping legs straight and feet far from bench, pronating forearm, and hyperextending shoulder, hyperextending hands to place on bench edge, then flexing elbow to lower body closer to floor, then extending forearm at elbow to raise body back in straight line

Question 55

triceps brachii stretching

Answer 55

hyperflex shoulder to move arm straight above head, flex elbow, hold bent elbow close to ear, then take opposite hand and put pressure on elbow medially, so that elbow is abducted behind head