lab: shoulder

Question 1

Clavicle

Answer 1

cylindrical bone with slight S-shaped curve, connected to acromion of scapula; acts as strut to keep limb away from trunk

Question 2

scapula

Answer 2

flat triangular bone connected to clavicle and humerus. site of 16 muscle attachements

Question 3

spine of scapula

Answer 3

on posterior side

Question 4

acromion process of scapula

Answer 4

where clavicle articulates with scapula; on end of spine of scapula

Question 5

coracoid process

Answer 5

knob on scapula inferior to acromion on anterior lateral side of scapula

Question 6

inferior angle of scapula

Answer 6

bottom angle of scapula

Question 7

lateral border of scapula

Answer 7

edge of scapula closest to humerus

Question 8

medial border of scapula

Answer 8

edge of scapula that is most medial

Question 9

supraspinous fossa

Answer 9

indention superior to spine of scapula

Question 10

infraspinous fossa

Answer 10

area of scapula inferior to spine of scapula on posterior side

Question 11

subscapular fossa

Answer 11

flat indented surface on anterior side of scapula

Question 12

supraglenoid tubercle

Answer 12

where long head of biceps brachii originates; a small, rough projection superior to the glenoid cavity near the base of the coracoid process

Question 13

infraglenoid tubercle

Answer 13

origin of long head of triceps brachii; located on the lateral part of the scapula, inferior to glenoid cavity

Question 14

humerus

Answer 14

proximal head articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula; articulates at elbow with ulna and radius

Question 15

greater tubercle of humerus

Answer 15

large projection on proximal head of humerus,

Question 16

lesser tubercle of humerus

Answer 16

smaller projection on proximal head of humerus

Question 17

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Answer 17

rough, triangular area on the anterolateral (front-side) surface of the middle of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches.

Question 18

medial epicondyle of humerus

Answer 18

is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position; gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin (the common flexor tendon) of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm

Question 19

intertubercular groove

Answer 19

separate greater and lesser tubercles of humerus; instertion of latissimus dorsi

Question 20

acromioclavicular joint

Answer 20

joint at top of shoulder; the junction between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle

Question 21

glenoid cavity

Answer 21

shallow articular surface on lateral angle of scapula, articulates with humerus and forms glenohumeral joint with humerus

Question 22

glenoid labrum

Answer 22

a fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade; deepens glenoid fossa of scapula

Question 23

origin of trapezius

Answer 23

medial 3rd of superior nuchal line; extenral occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12

Question 24

insertion of trapezius

Answer 24

lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromiun, and spine of scapula

Question 25

main actions of trapezius

Answer 25

elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; superior fibers elevate, middle fibers retract, and inferior fibers depress scapula

Question 26

strengthening exercise for trapezius

Answer 26

barbell shrug - hold barbell in hands in front of body while standing erect, then shrug shoulders high towards ears while saying "huh?"

Question 27

stretch for trapezius

Answer 27

laterally flex neck to left, then to right by tilting ear towards shoulder

Question 28

origin of latissimus dorsi

Answer 28

spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Question 29

insertion of latissimus dorsi

Answer 29

intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 30

action of latissimus dorsi

Answer 30

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder

Question 31

strengthening exercise of latissimus dorsi

Answer 31

Pull up: hang on pull up bar with hands wider apart than shoulders, then slowly lift body up, getting chin above the bar

Question 32

stretch for latissimus dorsi

Answer 32

lift both arms straight above head and grasp hands, then laterally tilt arms and body to left, then right side

Question 33

origin of supraspinatus

Answer 33

supraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 34

instertion of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

Answer 34

superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Question 35

action of supraspinatus

Answer 35

helps deltoid abduct arm at shoulder and acts with rotator cuff muscles

Question 36

strengthening exercise for supraspinatus

Answer 36

with weights or resistance band in hands, hold arms straight and lift arms until parallel to ground at shoulder level, then slowly lower

Question 37

stretch for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

Answer 37

pull/adduct arm straight in front of body, parallel to ground, and hold in place with other hand to stretch

Question 38

infraspinatus origin

Answer 38

infraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 39

infraspinatus and teres minor main actions

Answer 39

laterally rotates arm at shoulder, helps hold head in glenoid cavity

Question 40

strengthening exercise for infraspinatus and teres minor

Answer 40

hold weights in hands with arms loosely at sides, then rotate arms to outside

Question 41

subscapularis origin

Answer 41

subscapular fossa of scapula

Question 42

subscapularis insertion

Answer 42

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 43

subscapularis main actions

Answer 43

medially rotates arm at shoulder and adducts it; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 44

subscapularis strengthening exercise

Answer 44

with resistance band attached on wall above you, pull straight arms down toward body and slightly rotate in towards body

Question 45

subscapularis stretch

Answer 45

take arm behind back and bend at elbow, then pull towards opposite side of body with other arm

Question 46

pectoralis major origin

Answer 46

medial 3rd of clavicle, lateral border of sternum

Question 47

pectoralis major insertion

Answer 47

intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 48

pectoralis major main actions

Answer 48

adducts (including horizontal adduction), flexes, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder

Question 49

pectoralis major strengthening exercise

Answer 49

lift arm at 90 degrees, then forcefully and swiftly bring arm across body to hit punching bag with hand (boxing gloves are helpful) or resistance band

Question 50

pectoralis major stretch

Answer 50

lift arm and bend at elbow above head, grab elbow with other hand and put pressure

Question 51

serratus anterior origin

Answer 51

upper 8 ribs

Question 52

serratus anterior insertion

Answer 52

medial border of scapula

Question 53

serratus anterior main actions

Answer 53

rotates scapula upward and pulls it anterior toward thoracic wall

Question 54

serratus anterior strengthening exercise

Answer 54

pushup: place hands and feet on ground with back flat in a plank position, hands shoulder distance apart. slowly lower body towards ground by bending at elbows

Question 55

serratus anterior stretch

Answer 55

hold arm straight out and hold wall, then rotate away from wall

Question 56

anterior deltoid origin

Answer 56

anterior surface of lateral clavicle

Question 57

anterior, middle, and posterior deltoids insertion

Answer 57

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

Question 58

anterior deltoid action

Answer 58

flexes and medially rotates arm at shoulder

Question 59

anterior deltoid strengthening exercise

Answer 59

hold weights in hands and curl them up, bending at elbow, then slowly lower and repeat

Question 60

anterior deltoid stretch

Answer 60

hold arms straight behind back and grasp hands and pull up

Question 61

middle deltoid action

Answer 61

abducts arm at shoulder

Question 62

middle deltoid strengthening exercise

Answer 62

with weights in hands, hold arms straight and lift them straight out in frontal plane until parallel to ground and even with shoulders, then lower and repeat

Question 63

middle deltoid origin

Answer 63

acromion process and spine of the scapula

Question 64

posterior deltoid origin

Answer 64

spine of scapula

Question 65

posterior deltoid action

Answer 65

extends and laterally rotates arm at shoulder

Question 66

posterior deltoid strengthening exercise

Answer 66

with weights or in hands, extend arms behind you while standing, then return to neutral, then repeat

Question 67

posterior deltoid stretch

Answer 67

lift arm and bend at elbow above head, grab elbow with other hand and pull posteriorly