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Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what replaces basidiocarps in Teliomycetes?

A

teliospores

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2
Q

what type of lifecycle do Teliomycetes fungi have?

A

parasitic

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3
Q

how are teliospores arranged?

A

grouped in sori or scattered within the host tissue

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4
Q

teliospore

A

encysted probasidia

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5
Q

what are the 2 orders of Teliomycetes? & how is it determined?

A

Uredinales

Ustilaginales

based on the nature of the basidium

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6
Q

Uredinales basidia

A

4-celled basidia, each cell with a sterigma & basidiospore

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7
Q

Ustilaginales basidia

A

septate or non-septate, promycelia produces sporidia (blastospores) which often anastomose with one another

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8
Q

pleomorphic

A

more than one independent form or spore-stage in the life cycle

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9
Q

what is the max number of spore forms in the lifecycle of some rusts?

A

5

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10
Q

macrocyclic

A

species that produces all 5 spore forms

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11
Q

brachycylic

A

species that produces all 4 spore forms

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12
Q

demicyclic

A

: species that produces all 4 spore forms but one is diff than a brachycyclic

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13
Q

what are the spore forms produced of demicyclic lifecycles? & which one is missing?

A

Produces pycina, aecia & telia but lacks uredinia

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14
Q

autoecious

A

complete their lifecycle on a single host species

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15
Q

heteroecious

A

inhabiting diff host species at diff stages in the lifecycle

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16
Q

Puccini graminis host description

A

heteroecious on wheat & barberry

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17
Q

Puccinia graminis spore form description

A

macrocyclic

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18
Q

spermatiophore

A

hyphae that produces spermatia

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19
Q

spermatiophore location

A

inner periphery of the barberry leaf

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20
Q

ostiole

A

a small hole or opening where mature spores are released

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21
Q

what protrudes from the ostiole?

A

receptive hyphae & spermatia

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22
Q

what is the function of spermatia

A

sexual fertilization, when contacting receptive hyphae of a spermogonium of the opp mating type

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23
Q

when is the dikaryotic stage of Puccinia graminis initiated?

A

when spermatia of the opp types meet

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24
Q

how are spermatia transported to spermogonium?

A

insects

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25
spermogonium
produces spermatia & receptive hyphae
26
aecia
produce aeciospores, upside cup-shaped, with chains of aeciospores
27
where does infection of aecia begin?
lower end of the barberry leaf
28
aeciospore
unicellular, non-repeating vegetative spore, produced in an aecium, usually resulting from dikaryotization, which germinates to give a dikaryotic mycelium contains nuclei of opp mating types
29
when is the aecium stage initated?
spermatia are transferred to receptive hyphae
30
how are aeciospores dispersed?
wind dispersal
31
uredia stage
dikaryotic stage in wheat, infects stem & leaves red rust stage occurs during the summer
32
uredia
masses of hyphae on wheat stems, forming urediospores
33
what replaces uredia?
telila
34
urediospores
binucleate with nuclei of opp mating types born singly on stalks
35
when does the orange colour form?
after urediospores have broken through the epidermal layer
36
how are urediospores dispersed?
wind-dispersed
37
telia
produce teliospores
38
telia stage in Puccinia graminis occurs on what host? & when?
primary host, wheat autumn - spring
39
teliospore
2-celled, thick-walled, contain 2 haploid nuclei of opp mating type with fuse to form a diploid nucleus
40
what process occurs in teliospores?
karyogmay
41
where does karyogamy occur in Puccinia graminis?
in the teliospore
42
what do teliospores produce?
promycelia which differentiates into basidia
43
what happens during winter in the telial stage of Puccinia graminis?
teliospore attaches to the plant tissue on which it was produced and waits for winter to pass (diploid during the winter)
44
what occurs during the spring in Puccinia graminis?
meiosis occurs while each teliospore emits a germ tube which becomes transversely septate & forms the metabasidium Each metabasidium produces a basidiospore with a haploid nucleus that undergoes mitosis producing 2 identical haploid nuclei dikaryotic homokaryon --> total of 4 haploid nuclei are produced basidiospores are catapulted out & germinate into spermogonium
45
Puccinia coronate host description
heteroecious
46
Puccinia coronate spore form description
macrocyclic
47
what are the primary & secondary hosts of Puccinia coronate (crown rust of oats)?
primary = oats secondary = Rhamnus/buckthorn
48
what stage can re-infection occur?
uredia
49
what stage can re-infection not occur?
Aecia
50
what stage are paraphyses present in the Puccinia coronate lifecycle?
Uredia
51
paraphyses
hyphal element in a hymenium originating at the base, and growing upwards, usually unbranched and not anastomosed
52
describe the structure of uredospores in Puccinia coronate
Thick-walled paraphyses with swollen tips may be seen amongst the stalked, one-celled uredospores
53
describe the hosts infected in the diff stages of Puccinia coronate
spermogonia - Rhamnus/buckthorn Aecia - Rhamnus/buckthorn Uredia - oats telia - oats
54
describe how teliospore & uredospores grow on their host?
amphigenous
55
amphigenous
infect on the surface of leaves
56
Gymnosporangium juniper (cedar apple rusts) host description
heterecious on juniper/cedar & apple
57
Gymnosporangium juniper (cedar apple rusts) spore formation description
demicyclic --> no uredia or urediospores produced
58
what are 2 characteristics of the Gymnosporangium rusts?
Lack Uredia, except one species All heteroecious, except one species
59
Gymnosporangium juniper life cycle summary
YEAR 1 Basidiospores infect apple host in May Spermogonia on apples & leaves in June Plasmogamy Aecia on leaves & apples Aeciospores infect juniper (cedar) in late summer & fall YEAR 2 Cedar apple (gall stage) in May whcih develop into Telial horns that gelatinize with moisture Teliospores form Karyogamy Meiosis
60
what type of host has economic importance?
primary host
61
Cronartium quercium --> Lobolly pine blister rust lifecycle description
Economically important host (pine) impacted by aecia & resinosis Heteroecious on white pine & currants or oaks Macrocyclic Form telial horns
62
Cronartium quercium --> Lobolly pine blister rust lifecycle summary
Basidiospores infect pine needles, 1-2 years later spermatia form Spermatia form & release aeciospores after 1 year Aecia form for 8 -10 days & release Urediniospores Uredia release teliospores after 10-20 days Teliospores undergo karyogamy & meiosis forming basidiospores after 10-45 days
63
Cronartium Ribicola --> white pine blister rust lifecycle summary
Spermogonia – pine Aceia – pine Uredia – ribes Telia – ribes Basidiospores (n) infect needles, spermogonia appear 2 years later in the bark of branches
64
Cronartium Ribicola (white pine rust) host description
heteroecious
65
Cronartium Ribicola (white pine rust) spore form description
macrocyclic
66
Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses host description
autoecious on roses
67
Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses spore form description
macrocyclic
68
what stage of Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses lifecycle damages the roses?
aecial state causes leaf spots or damage to petioles & stems telila state causes stem cankers
69
What does the aecia look like in Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses?
Spores in chains Verrucose (covered with warty elevations) Form sub-epidermally
70
What does the telia look like in Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses?
Spores are cylindrical 4-8 celled Pedicel is much larger than the spore

F & L (13 decks)

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