18

Question 1

what type of relationship is displayed in a lichen?

Answer 1

symbiosis

Question 2

what are lichens composed of?

Answer 2

algae & fungi (typically ascomycota0

Question 3

How are the scientific names of lichens determined?

Answer 3

based on the fungal components

Question 4

why do lichens require dispersal?

Answer 4

to maintain biomass & diversity

Question 5

how does lichen dispersal maintain biomass & diversity?

Answer 5

b/c they move around b/w & within populations

Question 6

what are the dispersal methods of lichens (3)?

Answer 6

vegetative propagules - soredia & isida

ascospores & re-lichenization of symbionts in lichens

sexual reproduction producing sporophytes in mosses

Question 7

what type of fungal FB do spores in lichens typically disperse from?

Answer 7

apothecium

Question 8

what are the types of FB that lichen fungal components can have?

Answer 8

apothecial

perithecial

cleistothecial

pseudothecial

Question 9

what are the asexual propagules of lichens?

Answer 9

soredia & isidia

Question 10

soredia

Answer 10

incorporated into the upper surface of the thallus

Question 11

isidia

Answer 11

powdery, sit on the surface

Question 12

what are the sexual propagules of lichens?

Answer 12

ascospores & basidiospores

Question 13

what type of dispersal do lichen ascospores have? & what follows the dispersal of ascospores from a lichen?

Answer 13

wind

re-lichenize & lichenization

Question 14

re-lichenize

Answer 14

fungi come into combination with an algal partner

algal or cyanobacterial cell determines if it wants to partner with the fungal component

fungi compete for the algal cell

Question 15

lichenization

Answer 15

formation of feeding structure

Question 16

what does the algal cell provide to the lichen?

Answer 16

photosynthetic materials

Question 17

what does the fungal cell provide to the lichen?

Answer 17

envr that is kept moist enough that the algal cell can survive

an envr where damage by light is minimized

Question 18

what type of envrs do crustose lichens form in?

Answer 18

open, extreme envrs

Question 19

why is it that wherever lichens grow, mosses grow too?

Answer 19

mosses prefer & secure water - which lichens depend on

fungus benefits from mosses b/c it acquires water from the moss for the algal cell

Question 20

are mosses symbiotic?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

how is lichen dispersal studied?

Answer 21

direct or indirect

Question 22

direct lichen dispersal study method

Answer 22

look at the number of propagules in a certain area

of propagules/unit area over time

look for fragments of lichens or soredia & isidia

Question 23

indirect lichen dispersal study method

Answer 23

DNA fingerprinting

Question 24

what type of lichens depend on water for dispersal?

Answer 24

crustose

Fructicose

foliose

Question 25

describe dispersal by fragmentation

Answer 25

bits of thallus break off & migrate

Question 26

what type of envr moves lichen fragments the furthest?

Answer 26

dry grass land

Question 27

how does being a large fragment effect its dispersal?

Answer 27

shorter distance

Question 28

what are the factors effecting lichen dispersal?

Answer 28

openness of envr size of fragments wt of fragments wind currents

Question 29

why do open ecosystems carry lichen fragments further?

Answer 29

wind plays a role

Question 30

describe the dispersal of soredia?

Answer 30

thallus can exist as a flat thallus or a splash cup splash cup mechanism is used for both

Question 31

what type of thallus is more efficient in dispersal?

Answer 31

neither nor, both travel the same distance

Question 32

what type of propagules does Cladonia use?

Answer 32

sexual or vegetative

Question 33

where is cladonia located?

Answer 33

oceanic parts of northern europe & NA 4 locations on coastal islands

Question 34

what type of thallus does cladonia have?

Answer 34

fructicose

Question 35

describe the dispersal of Cladonia

Answer 35

doesn't fragment well, dispersal over distances is ineffective remains in a generalized area

Question 36

describe the dispersal of Cladonia in the winter

Answer 36

travel along the surface of the snow

Question 37

where is Dermatocarpon found?

Answer 37

water's edge exists in a zone along lake shores where there is rock experiences a spring high & winter & fall low

Question 38

describe the thallus of Dermatocarpon?

Answer 38

foliose small

Question 39

how does the number of genotypes change as you go downstream?

Answer 39

increases, as they est themselves they undergo genetic changes

Question 40

Describe the dispersal of Dermatocarpon

Answer 40

thallus break off & are transported by water across lakes & through streams

Question 41

what does dispersal involve? (2)

Answer 41

fragmentation mechanisms of migration