Lab 3- General Senses

Question 1

Nociceptor

Answer 1

• Pain receptors

- Sensation produce in pain

Question 2

Thermoreceptor

Answer 2

• Temperature receptors

- Free nerve endings

Question 3

Chemoreceptor

Answer 3

• Detect small changes in the concentration of specific chemicals or compounds.
• Taste, smell, and changes in body fluid chemistry.

Question 4

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 4

Sensitive to stimuli that distort their cell membrane.

1. Tactile
2. Baroreceptors
3. Proprioceptors

Question 5

Tactile Receptor

Answer 5

Touch, pressure, vibration.

free nerve endings, root hair plexus, tactile discs, tactical corpuscles, lamellate corpuscles

Question 6

Baroreceptor

Answer 6

Detect pressure changes in walls of blood vessels and portions of digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts.

Question 7

Proprioceptor

Answer 7

• Monitor the positions of joints and muscles.

- Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs. (GTO)

Question 8

Photoreceptor

Answer 8

Sensitive to light rays

Question 9

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

Answer 9

Detects: deep touch/vibrations

deeper into dermis

Question 10

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle

Answer 10

Light touch

more superficial found in dermal papillae close to epidermis

Question 11

Cornea

Answer 11

Focus light (refraction)
3 layers:

Question 12

Sclera

Answer 12

• white of eye

- shape and support

Question 13

Iris

Answer 13

change shape of pupil (color portion)

Question 14

Ciliary body

Answer 14

Secrete aqueous humer/changes shape of lens

Question 15

suspensory ligaments

Answer 15

Attach lens to ciliary process

Question 16

Choroid

Answer 16

• pink layer below sclera

- Blood vessels move through it

Question 17

Pupil

Answer 17

hole in center

Question 18

Lens

Answer 18

changes shape with light which alters refraction.

Question 19

Fovea centralis

Answer 19

all light rays land (cones)

Question 20

Optic disc

Answer 20

• responsible for blind spot (no photoreceptors)

- optic nerve exiting back of eye ball

Question 21

Optic nerve

Answer 21

• CN 2

- extends from eyeball to brain

Question 22

Anterior chamber

Answer 22

between cornea and iris

Question 23

Posterior chamber

Answer 23

between iris and lens

Question 24

Aqueous humor

Answer 24

ciliary processes of ciliary body

Question 25

Vitreous humor

Answer 25

- jelly | - maintains shape of eyeball

Question 26

Conjunctiva

Answer 26

- transparent mucous membrane lines eyeball and covers anterior surface of eyeball except cornea. - highly vascular (heals quickly)

Question 27

Superior oblique

Answer 27

- Rotates eye medially - trochlea: ligament sling - innervation: CN IV

Question 28

Superior rectus

Answer 28

- moves eye toward medially and superiorly | - innervation: CN III

Question 29

Lateral rectus

Answer 29

- moves eye away from the nose | - CN VI

Question 30

Medial rectus

Answer 30

- moves eye toward medially | - CN III

Question 31

Inferior oblique

Answer 31

- moves eye laterally and superior | - CN IV

Question 32

Inferior rectus

Answer 32

- moves eye inferiorly (secondarily moves eye laterally) | - CN III

Question 33

Pupillary constrictor muscles

Answer 33

circular

Question 34

Pupillary dilator muscles

Answer 34

radial

Question 35

The_____ division of the ANS regulates pupil constriction.

Answer 35

parasympathetic

Question 36

The _____ division of the ANS regulates pupil dilation.

Answer 36

sympathetic

Question 37

Name 2 things that cause the pupil to constrict.

Answer 37

- light | - looking near

Question 38

Name 2 things that cause the pupil to dilate.

Answer 38

- dim light | - looking far

Question 39

Refraction

Answer 39

Beinding of light rays

Question 40

Focal point

Answer 40

specific point of intersection on the retina

Question 41

Focal distance | -2 factors:

Answer 41

between center of lens and focal point. - distance from the object to the lens - shape of lens

Question 42

when focusing on near objects, the lens becomes_______.

Answer 42

More round (convex)

Question 43

When focusing on far off objects, the lens becomes______.

Answer 43

More flat (concave)

Question 44

Accommodation

Answer 44

adjustment of lens so focal point is always on the lens.

Question 45

near objects the lens becomes _______.

Answer 45

rounder

Question 46

far objects, the lens becomes ________.

Answer 46

Flat

Question 47

Emmetropia

Answer 47

Normal vision | -image will be focused on retinas surface.

Question 48

Myopia

Answer 48

nearsighted - eyeball is too deep or curvature of lens is too great. - focal point is in front of retina, so distance objects are blurry.

Question 49

What type of lens can fix myopia?

Answer 49

Diverging lens

Question 50

Hyperopia

Answer 50

Far sighted - focal point is behind retina, so near objects are blurry. - eye ball is too deep or curvature of lens is too great.

Question 51

What type of lens can fix hyperopia?

Answer 51

Converging lens

Question 52

Astigmatism

Answer 52

- degree of curvature in cornea or lens varies from one axis to another (cornea surface way) - causes light to focus on more than one are retina. (parts of image out of focus)