Lab 3 questions Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells
fungi
algae
protozoa
helminths
Macroscopic fungi
mushrooms, puffballs, gill fungi
microscopic fungi
molds, yeast
yeast
single celled
ovoid
asexual budding
two fungi morphologies
yeast and hyphae
dimorphic
some pathogenic molds that can be yeast and hyphae
Hyphae
mycelium = mass of hyphae
cottony, hairy or velvety texture
divided by cross walls called septa
long filaments
vegetative hyphae
digest and absorb nutrients
reproductive hyphae
produce spores for reproduction
fungal nutrition
heterotrophic decomposers
saprobes (live off dead organisms)
mycosis (fungal infection)
extremely widespread
roles of fungi
adverse impacts
- destruction of crops and food storages
beneficial impacts
- decompose dead plants and animals
- sources of antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids, vitamins
- making foods and genetic studies
Identify by
- hyphal type
- colony texture and pigmentation
- physiological characteristics
- genetic makeup
- asexual spore forming structures and spores
Algae
-cell wall = cellulose
- photosynthetic organims
-microscopic = unicellular, colonial, or filamentous
- macroscopic = colonial and multicellular
- may or may not have flagella
- basis of food web in aquatic
-large proportion of atmospheric O2
-red tides : powerful toxins that cause food poisoning with neurological symptoms
Protozoa
- lack a cell wall
- unicellular, colonials are rare
- harmless free living
- heterotrophic - lack chloroplasts
- cytoplasm divided into ectoplasm and endoplasm
- feed by engulfing other microbes and organic matter
- most have locomotor structures
- reproduce sexually = conjugation
Trophozoite
protozoa motile feeding stage
cyst
protozoa dormant resting stage
Parasitic helminths
-multicellular
-use host tissues
- have mouthparts for attachment, or digestion
- some are monoecious/diecious
- fertilized eggs go through larval period in or out of host body
Ascomycota
This group of fungi includes those whose spores are packaged in discrete sacs called asci (singular is “ascus”). For some species, each ascus contains the four products of a single meiosis event. This feature was extremely useful in dissecting the nature of genetic rearrangements and inheritance patterns
Basidiomycota
Members of this group include the fleshy mushrooms, like you buy at the grocery store. The gills on the underside of the mushroom cap produce the sexual spores. The spores are released from tiny pedestals, called basidia (singular is “basidium”) that line the surfaces of the gills.
Zygomycota
When members of this group mate, a unique and characteristic structure, called a zygote, is formed. The zygote then produces many zygospores that are released from fruiting bodies. One common member of this group is a common cause of mold on baked goods like bread. The fuzzy growth on the bread is the structure that releases the zygospores.
Chytridomycota
This group of fungi produce spores that are flagellated. The worldwide mass die-off of amphibians and snakes is, in part, due to chytrid infections. White-nose syndrome that is decimating the world’s bat populations is also caused by a chytrid species.
Ciliophora
Also known as the “Ciliates”, members of this group are motile due to the presence of cilia. These short but very numerous appendages act like tiny oars to propel the ciliate through the water. Ciliates are among the fastest microorganisms.
Mastigophora
This group uses a flagellum, or several flagella, to swim, which leads to their trivial name of “Flagellates”.
Sarcodina
The group Sarcodina contains the amoebae. These organisms travel using pseudopods, or “false feet”. The cells will start to bulge followed by the cytoplasm flowing into the bulge. As the process continues, the cell will ooze off in the direction of the bulge.
