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AN S 214 L > Lab 3a - Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Lab 3a - Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cephalo-, crani-

A

head

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2
Q

cerebro-, encephalo-

A

brain

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3
Q

neur-

A

nerve

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4
Q

optic-, opt-

A

eye

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5
Q

ot-, auri

A

ear

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6
Q

What are the embryonic germ cell layers?

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

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7
Q

What is the Endoderm?

A
  • Innermost lining of cells in developing fetus
  • from two “tubes” (digestive and respiratory)
  • form gastrointestinal system, lungs, thyroid cells, and pancreatic cells
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8
Q

What is the Mesoderm?

A
  • Middle layer
  • Gives rise to skeletal muscles, repro structures, bones, and connective tissues
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9
Q

What is the Ectoderm?

A
  • Outermost Layer
  • Gives rise to the epidermis and almost all nervous syst.
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10
Q

Extodermal derived nervous syst develop from what?

A
  • Primordial “Spinal Cord”
  • Forms during dorsum of embryo
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11
Q

Cells of Neural tubes become what?

A
  • The Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Brain/Spinal Cord
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12
Q

Neural Crest Cells become what?

A
  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
  • Other cell types
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13
Q

What is the PNS?

A
  • Nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS
  • Somatic and visceral sensory neurons
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14
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A
  • Elements under voluntary control
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15
Q

What is the Autonomic system?

A
  • Governs “automatic” physiological responses
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16
Q

What two elements is the Autonomic Nervous System broken down into?

A
  • Parasympathetic System
  • Sympathetic System
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17
Q

What is the Parasympathetic System?

A
  • Governs “vegetative” functions
    • digestion and homeostatic maintenance
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18
Q

What is the Sympathetic System?

A
  • Governs the “fight or flight” stress response
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19
Q

What is Gray Matter?

A
  • Cell bodies, nuclei, and dendrites of nerve cells (neurons) and unmyelinated axons
  • Forms cortex over cerebrum
  • Surrounded by white matter
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20
Q

What is White Matter?

A
  • High concentration of myelinated axons
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21
Q

The brain is divided into what parts?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
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22
Q

What are Ventricles (brain)?

A
  • Brain contains 4 ventricles
  • Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
  • Derived from lumen of embryonic development
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23
Q

What are Meninges?

A
  • Connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
  • Lie between nervous tissue and bones
24
Q

What are the cell types in nervous tissue?

A
  • Neurons
  • Glial Cells
25
What are Neurons?
- Nerve Cells - Conduct nerve impulses
26
What are Glial Cells?
-Supporting - Provide nutrition, support, establish blood-brain barrier - Make myelin sheath around axon of neruons
27
What is the Cerebrum?
- Responsible for higher mental functions - Contains both gray and white matter - Divided into 2 hemispheres - Contains paired lobes
28
What are the Cerebral Lobes?
- Frontal Lobe - Parietal Lobe - Temporal Lobe - Occipital Lobe - Insula
29
What is the Frontal Lobe?
- Responsible for voluntary motor control, reasoning, planning, emotions and social judgment
30
What is the Parietal Lobe?
- Perceives sensations from skin, muscle, tendons and joint receptors
31
What is the Temporal Lobe?
- Contains auditory centers - Important in Memory
32
What is the Occipital Lobe?
- Responsible for vision and eye coordination
33
What is the Insula?
- Integrates sensory info. from viscera - Roles in taste and language function - Located in middle of brain where all Frontal, Parietal, and Temporal lobes meet - Cannot be seen externally
34
What is the Corpus callosum?
- Band of nervous tissue that connects the two haves of the cerebrum - Carries nerve impulses between 2 hemispheres
35
What is the Thalamus?
- Relay center for sensory info. (no smell) - Walls of 3rd ventricle make up thalamus - Filled with cerebral spinal fluid
36
What is the Hypothalamus?
- Regulates types of behavior - Includes: - Thirst/Hunger - body temp - Sleep/wakefulness - Sexual Arousal - Anger/fear/pain/pleasure - Produce ADH, oxytocin, releasing and inhibitory hormones that regulate the pituitary
37
What is the Pituitary Gland?
- AKA Hypophysis - Compromised of 2 parts: - Anterior Pituitary - Posterior Pituitary
38
What is the Anterior Pituitary gland?
- Secretes somatotropin (GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and Prolactin) - regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones secreted by the hypothalamus - carried in the blood through the Hypothalamic_hypophyseal portal system
39
What is the Posterior Pituitary Gland?
- Released ADH and Oxytocin (nervous stimuli) - Produced in Hypothalamus
40
Where does the pituitary gland sit and what is it protected by?
- Base of the brain - Protected by sella turcica and sphenoid bone
41
What is the Optic chiasm?
- Optic nerves cross over on the way to brain from eyes
42
What is the limbic system?
- Part of the forebrain that processes olfactory info. - Neural basis of emotional states
43
What parts form the limbic system?
- Hypothalamus - Fornix encircle
44
What is the Cerebellum?
- 2nd largest part of brain - Consists of gray and white matter - Receives input from joint, tendon, and muscle receptors - Responsible for coordination and movement
45
What is the Brainstem made up of?
- Midbrain - Pons - Medulla Oblongata
46
What does the Midbrain do?
- Connects to hindbrain and forebrain - Controls brain receptors to stimuli, eye movement, and vocalization
47
What does the Pons do?
- Contains 2 respiratory centers - Pathway for nerve fibers passing thru brain to spinal cord
48
What does the Medulla Oblongata do?
- Contains cell bodies of several cranial nerves - Regulation of several autonomic systems - Vasomotor center - Cardioinhibitory center - Respiratory Center
49
What is the Vasomotor center?
- Contraction or dilation of BV - Regulates blood pressure
50
What is the Cardioinhinitory Center?
- parasympathetic innervation of the heart - Regulates Heart rate
51
What is the Respiratory Center?
- Works w/ Respiratory Centers in pons to control respiration rate
52
What are cranial nerves?
- Nerves that run directly to the brain rather than thru the spinal cord
53
How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there?
- 12 numbered with roman numerals
54
What are mixed nerves?
- Have both sensory and motor functions
55
What is the Vagus Nerve (X)?
- functions in salivation from parotid gland, swallowing, and phonation
56
What is the Optic Nerve (II)?
- Sensory-only nerve - Carries impulses from eyes to occipital lobes
57
How many Spinal nerves are there?
- 31 pairs of nerves in human - All are MIXED NERVES

AN S 214 L (6 decks)

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