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Bacteriology > Lab 4 > Flashcards

Lab 4 Flashcards

(40 cards)

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1
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
A

Habitat:

  • Infected host –> obligate pathogens
  • Enviroment –> facultative pathogens, saprophytes. Soil, water, plants. Good resistance, survives in the soil.

Morphology:

  • rods, coccoid, branching filaments
  • cell structure –> cell wall peptidoglycan

–> mycolic acids, lipids + waxes (lipid content of the cell wall makes the bacterium very resistant), surface proteins = virulence factors.

  • species differences
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2
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • staining
A
  1. Gram positive (can not be stained with typical Gram + staining because of the lipid layer, Crystal Violet will not get through the cell wall)
  2. Ziehl-neelsen positive

–> fuchin: binds to lipids

–> acid and alcohol fast

  1. fluorescence dyes
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3
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Ziehl-Neelsen staining
A
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4
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • culture
A
  • slow replication time –> selective isolation
  • Obligate aerobic
  • Broth (synthetic media, no serum, no blood)

–> Henley, Sauton (cord formation)

  • Solid:

–> Egg (Kertai, Dorset, Petragnani), serum agar, glycerine potato.

  • Selective:

–> Petragnani (malachite green), Inoculation after acid or alkaline treatment (will kill all the other bacteria except the mycobacterium)

  • M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis needs mycobactin
  • animal trial (guinea pig, rabbit, pigeon)
  • incubation tie, growth characteristics (species differences)
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5
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Cultural differences, tabell
A
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6
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Biochemistry
  • Antigens
A

Biochemistry:

  • (Catalase -?) not examined in diagnostic work

Antigens:

  1. Glycolipids, lipoproteins
    - several shared antigens (present in different species) –> cross reactions
    - close relationship of antigens
    - immuno-electrophoresis
  2. Tuberculin
    - Old tuberculin: inoculated in the animal –> if positive = reaction
    - –> broth culture, boiled, filtered, concentrated
    - PPD (Purified Protein Derivate)
    - –> Trichloroacetic acid percipitation: proteins will be percipitated –> proteins used for diagnostics.
    - antigen extract: diagnosis
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7
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • resistance
  • pathogenicity
A

Resistance:

  • Excellent!

Pathogenicity:

  • obligate pathogens: tuberculosis, paratuberculosis
  • facultative pathogens (atypical): mycobacteriosis
  • Saprophytes: can not cause disease
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8
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • species
A

Allocation into species:

  • morphology
  • culture
  • biochemistry
  • genome structure: 16S rRNA
  • pathogenicity

Genogroups (complexes):

  • M. tuberculosis-complex
  • M. avium-complex
  • M.leprae, M.lepraemurium
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9
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • M. tuberculosis complex
A
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10
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • pathogenic mycobacteria
A
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11
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • M. laprae, M.lepraemurium
A
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12
Q

Mycobacterium:

  • Facultative pathogens (atypical)
A
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13
Q

Nocardia:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • Staining
A

Habitat:

  • soil

Morphology:

  • long, branced filaments, rods
  • cell wall: mycolic acids

Staining:

  • gram +
  • irregular staining
  • slightly acid fast (with Ziehl Neelsen we can se acid resistance)
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14
Q

Nocardia:

  • culture
A
  • obligate aerobic
  • carotenoid pigment is produced (yellow, red, pink)
  • aerial filaments
  • replication: framentation of filaments
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15
Q

Nocardia:

  • pathogenicity
A
  • Facultative pathogens
  • local lesions (wounds are sometimes needed)
  • N. asteroides:

–> Cattle: chronic suppuration, skin, subcutaneous, mastitis

–> Dog: generalised nocardiosis

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16
Q

Actinomycetaceae:

  • family
A

Genera:

  • actinomyces
  • trueperella
  • actinobaculum
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17
Q

Actinomycetaceae (Actinomyces, Trueperella, Actinobaculum):

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • staining
Study These Flashcards
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes

Morphology: (similar to Mycobacterium)

  • heterogenous morphology: rods, curved rods, filaments

Staining:

  • Gram +
18
Q

Actinomycetaceae (Actinomyces, Trueperella, Actinobaculum):

  • culture
  • pathogenicity
Study These Flashcards
A

Culture:

  • fastidiouss (need good media): blood agar
  • oxygen: anaerobic, microaerophilic, facultative anaerobic
  • haemolysis (in some species)

Pathogenicity:

  • facultative pathogens
19
Q

Actinomyces:

  • habitat
  • morphology
  • culture
Study These Flashcards
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes (oral cavity, alimentary tract, genitals)

Morphology:

  • rods, filaments, sulphur granules

Culture:

  • anaerobic (aerotolerant)
  • blood agar
20
Q

Actinomyces:

  • species
21
Q

Trueperella (arcanobacterium):

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • culture
Study These Flashcards
A

Habitat:

  • mucous membranes (oropharyngeal cavity)

Morphology:

  • curved rods, coryneform

Culture:

  • blood agar, serum agar
  • haemolysis (B-hemolysis)
  • protein demand
22
Q

Trueperella (arcanobacterium):

  • Species
Study These Flashcards
A

T. (Arcanobacterium, Corynebacterium) pyogenes:

  • toxin (haemolysis)
  • local suppuration (lesions):

–> mastitis, metritis, arthritis, pneumonia, navel infection

23
Q

Actinobaculum:

  • habitat
  • culture
  • pathogenicity
Study These Flashcards
A

A. (Corynebacterium, Eubacterium, Actinomyces) sius:

Habitat:

  • Preputial mucosa of boars (Unique!)

Culture:

  • anaerobic
  • blood agar

Pathogenicity:

  • purulent cystitis
  • pyelonephritis
24
Q

Dermatophilus:

  • Habitat
  • Morphology
  • Staining
Study These Flashcards
A

D. congolensis

Habitat:

  • soil, skin

Morphology:

  • Coccoid (infective form )–> filaments (will be segmented)

Staining:

  • Gram +
25
Dermatophilus: - culture - biochemistry
Culture: - aerobic - fastidious: blood agar - propagation: --\> flagellated coccus (zoospora) --\> filaments - branching - growth --\> transverse and longitudinal divisions - segments --\> zoospora Biochemistry (they need proteins): - proteolytic, proteases (needed to decompose proteins. They can damage the skin) = virulence factors - poorly saccharolytic
26
Dermatophilus: - pathogenicity
- exudative dermatitis: - sheep, cattle, human --\> mainly ruminants
27
Streptomyces: - habitat - morphology - staining - species
They are not fastidious! They can produce a wide range of Antibiotics! They have a special "soil-smell" Habitat: - soil Morphology: - large, branched filaments Staining: - Gram + Species: - S. griseius: streptomycin - S. fradiae: neomycin - S. rimosus: oxytetracyclin - S. venezuelae: chloramphenicol
28
Corynebacterium: - habitat - morphology
Habitat: - muvous membranes, skin, milk, soil (saphorphytes), can be found in plants. Morphology: - polymorphism, pleomorphism: middle sized rods, coccoid rods, curved rod, coryneform - single, palisade (=wall), chinese letters (=criss-cross connected to eachother) - metachromatic granules (can find granules in the rods)
29
Corynebacterium: - staining
- Gram + - sometimes not uniforms staining - slightly acid-fast - metachromatic granules
30
Corynebacterium: - culture
- blood agar - weak growth on nutrient agar - haemolysis (sometimes with delay) - Beta-hemolysis - different colony morphology
31
Corynebacterium: - biochemistry - antigens - resistance
Biochemistry: - catalase +, oxidase -, fermentative - toxin: C.diphtheriae (bacteriophage encodes= not coded by the bacteria itself, but by the bacteriophage), C.pseudotuberculosis. Antigens: - complex Resistance: - average
32
Corynebacterium: - pathogenicity - species
Pathogenicity: - local suppuration: lymphadenitits, lymphangitis - arthirtis, metritis, mastitis Species: - C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. renale, C. pilosum, C.cystitidis, C. bovis, C. kutscheri
33
Corynebacterium: - Diphtheriae
- strains infected with temperate bacteriophage --\> toxin production, diphtery, vaccination - strains not infected with temperate bacteriphage --\> pharyngitis, endocarditis
34
Corynebacterium: - c. pseudotuberculosis
- polymorphism, fimbria - haemolysis - virulence factors: --\> exotoxin: phospholipase-D --\> lipoids in the cell wall - Nitrate-negative biotype: Sheep, goat --\> pseudotuberculosis (caseous lymphadenitits), abortion, arthritis - Nitrate-positivev biotype: horse --\> equine ulcerative lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels)
35
Corynebacterium: - Species (except c. diphtheriae and c. pseudotuberculosis)
C. renale: - fibria - cattle, horse, swine: pyelonephritis, cystitis C.pilosum: - cattle cystitis, pyelonephritis C. cystitidis: - cattle haemorrhagic cystitis C. bovis: - udder, milk, mastitis, abortion C. kutscheri: - rodents
36
Rhodococcus - Habitat - Morhphology - Staining
R. equi Habitat: - soil, plant, gut (horse) Morphology: - Coccus-rod cycle - capsule (big drop-like colonies) Staining: - Gram + (Pink-ish) - some acid-fast (Lipoids in the cell wall --\> pink ish)
37
Rhodococcus - Culture
- simple: Nutrient Agar, Nutrient Broth - pigment (pink) - capsule
38
Rhodococcus - Pathogenicity
- Intra cellular pathogen (can survive intrcellularly because of the special Proteins Vap A and Vap B) - Foal: pneumonia, abscesses in lungs, inflammation of gut wall - Horse: inflammation of gut wall - Cattle, swine: Mesentheric lymph nodes, abscesses. (you dont see clinical signs! only post mortem changes) - Human: pneumonia (immunosuppression, AIDS)
39
Renibacterium: - Habitat - Morphology - Staining
Renibacterium salmonarium Habitat:. - water, fish Morphology: - 1-1.5 um rods, short chains. (small-medium size) Staining: - Gram +
40
Renibacterium: - Culture - Pathogenicity
Culture: - aerobic - 15-18 \*C (remember cold water for fishes!) - fastodious: Cystein and Serum needed Pathogenicity: - obligate pathogenic, intra cellular - salmon, trout: abscesses in kidneys and other organs

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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