Lab 5

Question 1

Sutural bones

Answer 1

Small, flat bones found within the skull sutures
High degree of individual variation in number and size
Also called Wormain bones

Question 2

Flat Bones

Answer 2

thin like a plate
protect underlying structures
large surface area for tendon and ligament attachments
examples are cranial bones , sternum, ribs and scapula

Question 3

Long bones

Answer 3

Longer than wide
most common type of bone
range from very large femur to small phalangeal bones
(Humerus)

Question 4

Sesamoid bones

Answer 4

small, flat bones 
develop inside tendons 
everyone has patellas 
presence of other sesamoid bones is highly variable
(patella)

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

similar length and width
roughly cube-shaped
examples are carpals and tarsals

Question 6

Canal

Answer 6

round hole deeper than a foramen

Question 7

Process

Answer 7

general term for any projection

Question 8

Sinus

Answer 8

open chamber within a bone

usually air-filled

Question 9

Fissure

Answer 9

narrow gap

Question 10

Groove or Sulcus

Answer 10

narrow depression

Question 11

Tubercle

Answer 11

small, rounded process

Question 12

Tuberosity

Answer 12

small, rounded process

Question 13

Head

Answer 13

large, smooth, rounded process

for articulation in joint

Question 14

Neck

Answer 14

narrow connection between head and rest of bone

Question 15

Trochanter

Answer 15

Large, rough process

Question 16

Line

Answer 16

very narrow ridge

Question 17

Epicondyle

Answer 17

raised area above a condyle

Question 18

Condyle

Answer 18

smooth rounded process

for articulation in joint

Question 19

Facet

Answer 19

small, almost flat surface

for articulation in a joint

Question 20

Crest

Answer 20

prominent narrow ridge

Question 21

Fossa

Answer 21

shallow depression of surface of bone

Question 22

Spine

Answer 22

narrow and pointed process

Question 23

Ramus

Answer 23

flat bridge of bone

makes an angle to rest of the structure

Question 24

Articular cartilage

Answer 24

composed of hyaline cartilage

covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a joint

Question 25

Spongy bone

Answer 25

cavities of spongy bone house red bone marrow | site of hematopoiesis

Question 26

Epiphyseal line

Answer 26

Narrow zone between each epiphysis and the diaphysis in growing children it is composed of cartilage and is the site for lengthening of the bone and is called epiphyseal plate in adults, it becomes ossified

Question 27

Proximal epiphysis

Answer 27

upper end of the long bone | composed primarily of spongy bone with thin covering of compact bone

Question 28

Medullary cavity

Answer 28

chamber within diaphysis contains yellow bone marrow lined with spongy bone

Question 29

Endosteum

Answer 29

connective tissue membrane | lines medullary cavity

Question 30

Diaphysis

Answer 30

tube-shaped shaft of long bone longer than it is wide hollow cavity in the center composed of both compact and spongy bone

Question 31

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 31

found in medullary cavity | gets its yellow color from an abundance of fat cells

Question 32

Periosteum

Answer 32

thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone | anchored to surface of bone

Question 33

Distal epiphysis

Answer 33

lower end of the long bone | same composition as proximal epiphysis

Question 34

Circumferential lamellae

Answer 34

layers of matrix found around outer surface of a bone

Question 35

Interstitial lamellae

Answer 35

layers of matrix filling the spaces between osteons

Question 36

Compact bone

Answer 36

matrix is organized into osteons resistant to stress found in walls of diaphysis

Question 37

Central canal

Answer 37

also called osteonic or Haversian canal extends through center of osteon houses artery, vein, and nerve

Question 38

Perforating canal

Answer 38

also called Volkmann's canal connects central canals of adjacent osteons houses artery, vein, and nerve

Question 39

Osteon

Answer 39

also called an Haversian system cylinder-shaped unit gives compact bone its unique appearance consists of rings of lamellae (concentric lamellae) organized around a central canal

Question 40

Lamella

Answer 40

layer of matrix in compact bone | lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent lamellae

Question 41

Canaliculi

Answer 41

network of tiny canals connect lacunae to each other allows nutrients to reach osteocytes

Question 42

Osteocyte

Answer 42

mature bone cell does not produce new matrix does remove or rebuild old matrix to maintain mineral levels in blood

Question 43

Lacuna

Answer 43

open space between lamellae | each houses one osteocyte