Lab 5

Question 1

What species do we need to know? (6)

Answer 1

• Plasmodium vivax, falciparum, and malariae

- Babesia bigemina, microti, canis

Question 2

Plasmodium:

• Microgamont produces ___ flagellated microgametes
• zygote is motile
• naked sporozoites
• undergoes ____ in vertebrate host and ____ in invertebrate host

Answer 2

• 8
• merogony
• sporogony

Question 3

Ookinete-

Answer 3

motile zygote formed in insect gut by fertilization (syngamy)

Question 4

hemozoin-

Answer 4

an insoluble pigment produced in RBC’s as an end product in the digestion of hemoglobin by trophozoites of the Plasmodium sp.

Question 5

Circumsporozoite protein

Answer 5

a surface protein on sporozoite of Plasmodium sp which attaches to receptors on cell membrane of hepatocytes.

Question 6

cryptosporozoite-

Answer 6

schizont in the liver

Question 7

hypnozoites-

Answer 7

• a sporozoite in the liver that becomes dormant without undergoing schizogony
• survives as a latent source of new organisms; considered to be the source of organisms in relapsing malarias

Question 8

Schuffner’s dots-

Answer 8

appear as stippling in cytoplasm of infected RBC. Actually these are small surface invaginations of cell membrane

Question 9

Tertian malaria-

Answer 9

periodicity in schizogony results in rupture of RBC’s and release of merozoites every 48 hours, with resultant clinical signs of fever and chills, etc.

Question 10

quartian malaria-

Answer 10

periodicity results in release every 72 hours

Question 11

exo-erythrocytic phase of life cycle (PE, EE cycle)-

Answer 11

with Plasmodium sp., occurs in liver.

• is asexual
• sporozoite–> trophozoite–> schizogony–> merozoites

Question 12

erythrocytic phase of life cycle:

Answer 12

asexual; merozoites penetrate RBC’s and undergo schizogony

-merozoite–> schizogony–> 2nd generation merozoites–> repeat process

Question 13

some merozoites from the erythrocytic phase enter RBC’s and transform into ______, which is infective stage for mosquitos

Answer 13

gametocytes

Question 14

Sexual phase of plasmodium occurs in _____

Answer 14

mosquito gut

Question 15

When mosquito drinks infected blood, gametocytes lose RBC membrane, then macrogametocytes turn into _______, and micro gametocytes do what?

Answer 15

• macrogametes

- undergo multiple nuclear divisions to produce 8 microgametes

Question 16

Plasmodium fertilization in mosquito gut produces ______, which thin do what?

Answer 16

• motile ookinetes

- penetrate the gut epithelium and become oocyst

Question 17

Sporogony takes place in oocysts to produce how many sporozoites? (in plasmodium)

Answer 17

many

Question 18

Plasmodium sporozoites rupture the oocyst, and migrate where?

Answer 18

to the salivary gland o be transmitted via saliva w/ next meal

Question 19

Exflagellation-

Answer 19

release of microgametes from micro gametocyte. Each flagellum is a microgamete

Question 20

Plasmodium:
Infective stage for vert. host-
infective stage for invert. host-

Answer 20

• sporozoite

- gametocytes

Question 21

Relapsing Malaria-

Answer 21

reappearance of parasitemia and clinical signs in sporozoite-induced infection following chemotherapy.
-reinfection occurs from latent sporozoite forms in liver becoming active and undergoing schizogony. Mosquitos are not involved

Question 22

Recrudescing Malaria-

Answer 22

reappearance of parasitemia and clinical signs from organisms in a chronic very low level RBC infection that has been asymptomatic

Question 23

Induced malaria-

Answer 23

mechanical transmission of malaria from blood of infected individual in blood transfusion or unsterile syringes
-has been transmitted during birth to neonate

Question 24

Congenital malaria-

Answer 24

rare that the Plasmodium sp. will cross the placental barrier but has been known to occur

Question 25

Malaria means "_____"

Answer 25

bad air

Question 26

Malaria vector is:

Answer 26

Anopheline mosquito

Question 27

of about 300 species of Anopheles, ____ can infect people.

Answer 27

60

Question 28

What are the 4 plasmodium species?

Answer 28

P. falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale

Question 29

When a mosquito infects you with sporozoites, they rapidly travel to what location?

Answer 29

your liver

Question 30

Once sporozoites reach your liver, they penetrate hepatocytes, become _______, and undergo _____ to produce _______ within _______

Answer 30

- trophozoites - schizogony - merozoites - cryptozoites

Question 31

``` Each sporozoite that enters the liver produces a certain number of merozoites over a specific duration. List these details by species: P. vivax- P. ovale- P. malariae- P. falciparum- ```

Answer 31

- 6-8 days/10,000 merozoites - 9 days/15,000 - 12-16 days/2,000 - 5-7 days/40,000

Question 32

P. vivax P. ovale develop _____ in the liver. P. malaria and falciparum do not.

Answer 32

hypnozoites

Question 33

Which two species can cause relapsing malaria?

Answer 33

vivax and ovale

Question 34

Erythrocytic phase for malaria: ______ from liver enter RBC's to form _______, which grow by feeding on _______. This feeding produces ________ pigment.

Answer 34

- merozoites - trophozoites - hemoglobin - hemozoin

Question 35

Plasmodium erythrocytic phase cont.: when trophozoites mature in RBC's, they undergo ______ to produce another generation of _______ which rupture RBC's to invade new RBC's. Some of these will differentiate into ________

Answer 35

- schizogony - merozoites - gametocytes

Question 36

Gametocytes are infective stage for _______

Answer 36

mosquito

Question 37

clinical signs of malaria result from:

Answer 37

rupture of RBC's

Question 38

merozoite formation and schizogony are synchronized in RBC's (_________) so that virtually all infected cells rupture _________

Answer 38

- periodicity | - simultaneously

Question 39

P. falciparum causes "_________" malaria

Answer 39

malignant tertian

Question 40

Which plasmodium is the most pathogenic and most lethal

Answer 40

P. falciparum

Question 41

which plasmodium causes the most parasitemia

Answer 41

P. falciparum

Question 42

which plasmodium infects RBC's of all ages

Answer 42

P. falciparum

Question 43

Which plasmodium is most prevalent

Answer 43

P. falciparum

Question 44

Does P. falciparum have hypnozoites?

Answer 44

no