Lab 5 - Arthropoda

Question 1

Arthropods have what kind of coelom

Answer 1

Eucoeleom, greatly reduced

Question 2

What does Arhtropoda mean

Answer 2

Jointed Foot

Question 3

What are the parts of the arthropod leg (from medial to distal)

Answer 3

Coxa, Trochanter, Femur, Tibia, Metatarsus, Tarsus

Question 4

How many legs per segment?

Answer 4

Two (one pair per segment)

Question 5

Types of modifications in Arthropoda

Answer 5

Mouthparts, locomotion, reproduction, food capture, and sensory

Question 6

Serial Homology

Answer 6

Sequential differences from the same original structure (e.g. 17 different appendages in Crayfish)

Question 7

What is the exoskeleton made of?

Answer 7

Chitin (N-Acetyl glucosamine)

Question 8

Tagmata

Answer 8

Fusion of metameres for a specific function

Question 9

Types of tagmata

Answer 9

Head, Thorax, Abdomen, or Cephalothorax and Abdomen

Question 10

Types of sensory structures

Answer 10

Chemoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Photoreceptors

Question 11

Types of “eyes”

Answer 11

Simple eyes - ocelli, used for light and movement
Compound eyes - many ocellium, panoramic vision

Question 12

Clades within Arthropoda (broad)

Answer 12

Mandibulata (has mandibles), pancrustatia (all head appendages used for feeding, tripartite brain)

Question 13

Mandibulata is….

Answer 13

Crustacea, Hexapoda, Myriapoda

Question 14

Pancrustatia is….

Answer 14

Crustacea, Hexapoda

Question 15

Five main taxa of Arthropoda

Answer 15

Chelicerata, Hexapoda, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Trilobita (EXTINCT)

Question 16

Hemocoel

Answer 16

cavity for open circulatory system

Question 17

Ecdysis

Answer 17

molting

Question 18

What clade of Prostotomes are they part of?

Answer 18

Ecdyszoa

Question 19

Chelicerata Synapomorphy

Answer 19

Cheliciere, appendages next to mouth used for killing and capturing prey

Question 20

Pedipalps

Answer 20

Set of appendages posterior to the mouth used for manipulating food toward mouth

Question 21

Taxa within Chelcerata

Answer 21

Merostomata (horseshoe crabs), Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites), Pyncnogonida (sea spiders)

Question 22

Book gills

Answer 22

Gills within Merostomata, posterior ventral end of horseshoe crab, underneath plates, folds called lamellae, first plate has genital pores

Question 23

Hemolymph

Answer 23

Blood within arachnida

Question 24

Mandibulata Synapomorphy

Answer 24

Mandibles

Question 25

Crustacea synapomorphy

Answer 25

2 pairs of antennae, 2 pairs of maxillae, biramous (branched) appendages

Question 26

Maxillae

Answer 26

additional mouthparts used for navigation of food

Question 27

Mandibles

Answer 27

"chewing" jaws

Question 28

Taxa within Crustacea

Answer 28

Copeopoda , Malacostraca (crayfish, gills at base of legs and calcium exoskeleton), Branchiopoa (Daphnia)

Question 29

Carapace

Answer 29

cavity within Daphnia that contains appendages that funnel food and prey into mouth

Question 30

Myriapoda synapomorphy

Answer 30

Loss of compound eye

Question 31

Taxa within Myriapoda

Answer 31

Diplapoda (milipedes, two pairs of legs per segment, bad smell), Chilopoda (one pair of legs per segment, predatory and venomous)

Question 32

Hexapoda body plan

Answer 32

Head, thorax, abdomen, with tracheal system for gas exchange and respiration

Question 33

Hemimetabolous

Answer 33

Not much change during metamorphosis, nymph juvenile stage

Question 34

Holometabolous

Answer 34

Drastic changes through metamorphosis, larval and adult transition phase called "pupa"

Question 35

Odonata

Answer 35

Dragonflies and damselflies, Hemimetabolis

Question 36

Orthoptera

Answer 36

Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids, Hemimetabolous

Question 37

Hemiptera

Answer 37

True bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, Hemimetabolous

Question 38

Plecoptera

Answer 38

Stoneflies, Hemimetabolous

Question 39

Coleoptera

Answer 39

Beetles, Holometabolous

Question 40

Diptera

Answer 40

True flies, Holometabolous

Question 41

Lepidoptera

Answer 41

Butterflies, moths, skippers, Holometabolous

Question 42

Hymenoptera

Answer 42

Wasps, Bees, and Ants, Holometabolous

Question 43

Merostomata anatomy

Answer 43

Cephalothorax and abdomen, telson to help flip over and anchor, compound eye and simple eye, book gills,

Question 44

Carapace

Answer 44

structure in Merostomata that covers the cephalothorax, horseshoe shaped

Question 45

Chelae

Answer 45

Pincers in merostomata, on every pair of appendages except last pair, used to move food to mouth and grasp food

Question 46

Chelicerae

Answer 46

First set of appendages, manipulate food, do not have pincers

Question 47

Gnathobases

Answer 47

Spiny structures at bases of legs, macerate food as it is moved towards the mouth in Merostomata

Question 48

Chilaria

Answer 48

Pair of rudimentary appendages with no purpouse behind the last pair of legs in Merostomata

Question 49

What makes up the cephalothorax in Arachnida (ticks)

Answer 49

Large part (idiosoma), capitulum (small part)

Question 50

Captiulum contains...

Answer 50

pair of pedipalps surrounding toothed chelicerae

Question 51

What joins the cephalothorax and abdomen in spiders

Answer 51

Pedicel, slender

Question 52

Ocelli

Answer 52

eyespots on dorsal side of cephalothorax that measure light intensity

Question 53

Fangs

Answer 53

inject poison into prey

Question 54

Functions of the exoskeleton

Answer 54

Protection and structural support

Question 55

Cuticle

Answer 55

noncellular layer that gives a sheen and is used for protection

Question 56

Sclerites

Answer 56

Divison of exoskeleton into plates in Hexapoda

Question 57

Labrum

Answer 57

upper "lip" covering hexapoda mouth parts

Question 58

Mandibles

Answer 58

deep to the labrum and used to chew plants

Question 59

Maxillae

Answer 59

Posterior to the mandibles, contain antennae-shaped "palps" used for chemical and tactile reception, manipulate food into mouth

Question 60

Labium

Answer 60

posterior to the maxillae, lower "lip"

Question 61

Tympanium

Answer 61

first segment of Hexapoda, used to detect sound

Question 62

Hexapoda reproductive structures

Answer 62

Ovipositors on abdomen in females which are used to dig into sand to lay eggs, claspers in males to hold females

Question 63

Ootheca

Answer 63

structure to hold eggs in cockroaches

Question 64

Cockroach Genus

Answer 64

Blattodea