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BIOL210L > Lab 6 - Echinodermata, Protochordates, Fishes > Flashcards

Lab 6 - Echinodermata, Protochordates, Fishes Flashcards

1
Q

Deuterostome characteristics

A

Radial cleavage
Anus develops from blastopore
Enterocoelous eucelomate

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2
Q

What type of symmetry do Echinoderms have

A

Pentaradial symmetry (groups or multiples of fives)

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3
Q

Water Vascular System Function

A

Gas exchange, locomotion, feeding

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4
Q

Structural support of Echinoderms (what makes it up? what are the subunits called?)

A

Calcareous endoskeleton made of ossicles

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5
Q

Parts of the water vascular system

A

Ring canal, radial canals, tube feet, ampulla, madreporite

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6
Q

Where does water enter within echinoderms

A

Madreporite

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7
Q

Ampulla

A

pumps water thru tube feet, causes them to extend or retract

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8
Q

Five major taxa of Echinodermata

A

Crinoidea (sea lilies) - rare
Asteroidea - Sea stars
Ophiuroidea - Brittle Stars
Holothuroidea - Sea Cucumbers
Echinoidea - Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars

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9
Q

Asteroidea

A

sea stars, feed on clams and bivalves, use tube feet to open up bivalve then everts stomach to digest, slow movement

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10
Q

Ophiuroidea

A

Lack tube feet, no digestive glands in arms, arms more distinctly offset, rapid movement

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11
Q

Echinoidea

A

Use movable spines for protection and locomotion (irregular only), possess aristotle’s lantern

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12
Q

Holothuroidea

A

Tentacles which are modified tube feet, ossicles largely reduced, defense mechanism everts internal organs thru anus which are later regenerated

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13
Q

Protochordates

A

First marine life to have basic chordate characteristics. Two taxa

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14
Q

Two taxa of Protochordates

A

Urochordata and Cephalochordata

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15
Q

Basic Chordate Characteristics

A

Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, post-anal tail, endostyle/thyroid gland

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16
Q

Urochordata

A

AKA Tunicates, TAIL has well developed notochord (tail-chordate), dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharnyx has slits in larva

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17
Q

Tunicate larva

A

Larva of urochordata, becomes less vertabrate-like as it matures by attaching to a solid structure and losing its tail/notochord/nerve cord

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18
Q

Cephalochordata

A

AKA Branchiostoma/amphioxus, small ish that lie partially in the sand, filter feed using pharyngeal gill slits. Notochord goes into the head (head-chordate). Retain all 5 chordate synapomorphies unlike urochordates

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19
Q

Craniata

A

AKA Vertebrata, distinguished by cartilaginous or bony skull enclosing the brain

20
Q

Craniata chracteriscs

A

skull (cartilage or bone), olfactory organs, eyes, inner ear

21
Q

Two taxa within Craniata

A

Agnatha, Gnathostoma

22
Q

Agnatha

A

without jaws, hagfish and lampreys

23
Q

Gnathostoma synapomorphy

A

with jaws

24
Q

Name for agnatha larvae

A

Ammocoetes

25
Q

Ammocoete characteristics

A

vertebrate kidneys, liver, fully formed brain, gill structures for filter feeding

26
Q

Differences between Ammocete and Amphioxus

A

Amphioxus does not have a brain, does not have heart or liver, has an anus instead of a cloaa, possesses an atriopore for excretion of water, has no circulatory system, and a caudal fin and wheel organ. Ammocete has oral hood WITHOUT tentacles and no wheel organ. More developed digestive system

27
Q

Gnasthostomata taxa

A

Chondricthyes and Osteichthyes

28
Q

Chondrichthyes synapomorphy

A

Cartilagionous endoskeleton (chond=cartilage, ichthys = fish), sharks, rays, skates,

29
Q

Osteichthyes synapomorphy

A

bony endoskeleton (oste = bone)

30
Q

Taxa within Osteichthyes

A

Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii

31
Q

Actinopterygii

A

Diverse ray-finned fishes, also contains Telosts which have disarticulated mouth structures forming “lips” (maxilla, premaxilla) allowing them to extend mouth to suck in prey

32
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

Lobe finned fishes

33
Q

Pedicellaria

A

features around spines of sea stars and urchins which are used for defense and cleaning the gills around the spines

34
Q

Types of muscles in sea cucumber

A

Longitudinal and Circular

35
Q

Function of muscles in sea cucumber

A

longitudinal are retractors to pull tentacles in, circular contract body

36
Q

Ambularcal tracts

A

In sea cucumbers, five of them line the sides of the body and are filled with tube feet

37
Q

Digestive system of the sea cucumber

A

Tentacles to mouth to intestines to cloaca

38
Q

Cuverian tubules

A

In sea cucumbers, extend off respiratory tree and are used for defense. Expelled during evisceration, some are toxic or entrap predators

39
Q

Caudal fin

A
40
Q

Cirri function amphioxus

A

prevent large particles from blocking chamber of mouth

41
Q

Wheel organ function

A

in amphioxus, draw water into mouth

42
Q

Endostyle function in amphioxus

A

Secretes mucous for food particle entrapment within the pharengial region

43
Q

Fins in gnathostomes

A

Two paired fins (Anterior pectoral, posterior pelvic), Dorsal, Caudal, Anal fins

44
Q

Movement in Gnathostomes

A

Larger, broader caudal fins with larger caudal penducles associated with burst speed, smaller and narrower more for sustained swimming

45
Q

Three sections/body regions of Osteichtyes

A

Head, trunk, tail

46
Q

What are pectoral and pelvic fins homomologous to?

A

Tetrapod limbs

47
Q

Gnathostome mouth types and functions

A

Terminal mouth - anterior end facing directly forward, feed on insects and larger prey. Downturned ventral mouths - feeding off of substrate. Elongated mouth - long reach and quick movmeent, helps catch prey as it swims by

BIOL210L (7 decks)

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