Lab 6 - Seed plants

Question 1

the sporophyte makes _____ by ____

Answer 1

spores by meiosis

Question 2

the spores make ___ by ____

Answer 2

gametophytes by mitosis

Question 3

the gametophyte makes ____ by ____

Answer 3

gametes by mitosis

Question 4

the gametes make _____ by ____

Answer 4

a zygote by syngamy

Question 5

the zygote makes ____ by _____

Answer 5

sporophyte by mitosis

Question 6

plant adaptions for dry land

Answer 6

1. reduction of gametophyte
2. heterospory - ovule and pollen
3. seeds

Question 7

where is the gametophyte found in seed plants

Answer 7

the sporangia

Question 8

why is the gametophyte in the sporangia

Answer 8

1. protection against drought and UV
2. nutrients from sporophyte

Question 9

the ovule has the _____ (megaspore or microspore) retained within _____ which produces______ (female or male gametophyte) which produces _____ (egg or sperm)

Answer 9

1. megaspore
2. sporophyte
3. female gametophyte
4. egg cell

Question 10

pollen

Answer 10

designed to be dispersed from parent plant to ovule

Question 11

what is the protective coat

Answer 11

seeds

Question 12

what is the food supply for embryo

Answer 12

seed

Question 13

seeds are the _____

Answer 13

fertilized ovule

Question 14

what three things make up a seed

Answer 14

1. embryo
2. food supply
3. protective coat

Question 15

where is the protective coat of the seed derived from

Answer 15

integument

Question 16

gymnosperms are “_____”

Answer 16

naked seeds

Question 17

four phyla of gymnosperms

Answer 17

1. Cycadophyta
2. Gnetophyta
3. Ginkgophyta
4. Coniferophyta

Question 18

what phyla is this

Answer 18

Gnetophyta

Question 19

Answer 19

Gnetophyta

Question 20

Answer 20

Coniferophyta

Question 21

Answer 21

Ginkgophyta

Question 22

Answer 22

Cycadophyta

Question 23

Angiosperms have ____ and ____

Answer 23

flowers and fruit

Question 24

the largest clades of angiosperms

Answer 24

1. monocots
2. eudicots

Question 25

Angiosperm phylum

Answer 25

Anthophyta

Question 26

Answer 26

monocot flower

Question 27

Answer 27

eudicot flower

Question 28

Answer 28

eudicot leaf

Question 29

Answer 29

monocot leaf

Question 30

Answer 30

monocot stem

Question 31

Answer 31

eudicot stem

Question 32

Answer 32

eudicot root

Question 33

Answer 33

monocot root

Question 34

Answer 34

monocot seed

Question 35

Answer 35

eudicot seed

Question 36

angiosperm seed dispersal is

Answer 36

biotic and abiotic

Question 37

male or female cones

Answer 37

female

Question 38

male or female cones

Answer 38

male

Question 39

what makes up a male cone

Answer 39

male strobili composed of microsporophylls and microsporangia

Question 40

where are microsporangia found in the male cone

Answer 40

underside of the microsporophyll

Question 41

products of meiosis in male cones

Answer 41

haploid cells that mature into pollen grains

Question 42

are antheridia present in conifer pollen

Answer 42

NO

Question 43

what seed plant has Micky mouse ears on their pollen

Answer 43

gymnosperms

Question 44

the Micky mouse ears on gymnosperm pollen aids

Answer 44

in dispersal

Question 45

gymnosperm or angiosperm pollen

Answer 45

gymnosperm

Question 46

female or male cone

Answer 46

female

Question 47

male or female cone

Answer 47

male

Question 48

where are megasporangia found on female cones

Answer 48

on top of the megasporophyll/scale

Question 49

what produces the megagametophyte in cones

Answer 49

the megaspore

Question 50

how does the megaspore make the megagametophyte in cones

Answer 50

mitosis

Question 51

how many ovule per scale on female cone

Answer 51

2

Question 52

ovule consists of

Answer 52

1. integument
2. megasporangium
3. megaspore

Question 53

megaspore divides ____ to form the ____

Answer 53

mitotically and megagametophyte

Question 54

are the archegonia still present in gymnosperms

Answer 54

YES

Question 55

are pine “nuts” real nuts

Answer 55

NO- they are the seed

Question 56

megagametophyte is ____ (haploid or diploid)

Answer 56

haploid

Question 57

what nourishes the growing embryo

Answer 57

megagametophyte tissue

Question 58

A

Answer 58

Ovule

Question 59

B

Answer 59

ovary

Question 60

C

Answer 60

style

Question 61

D

Answer 61

Stigma

Question 62

E

Answer 62

pistil (carpel)

Question 63

F

Answer 63

anther

Question 64

G

Answer 64

stamen

Question 65

H

Answer 65

filament

Question 66

I

Answer 66

sepals

Question 67

J

Answer 67

petals

Question 68

an ovary is inferior when it’s

Answer 68

below the base of the petals

Question 69

an ovary is superior when its

Answer 69

above the base of the petals

Question 70

how many pollen cells do angiosperms have

Answer 70

2

Question 71

what are the two cells of the angiosperm pollen

Answer 71

1. generative cell
2. tube/vegetative cell

Question 72

generative cell function

Answer 72

divides mitotically to produce two sperm cells (one for the egg and one for polar nuclei)

Question 73

tube cell function

Answer 73

will engulf generative cells and form a tube to the egg in ovary

Question 74

how does the megagametophyte result

Answer 74

from mitotic divisions of the megaspore

Question 75

is the archegonia recognizable in angiosperms

Answer 75

NO

Question 76

all seed plants are ____ (hetero or homosporous)

Answer 76

heterosporous

Question 77

what generation is dominant

Answer 77

sporophyte

Question 78

is water needed for fertilization

Answer 78

NO - male gametes are in pollen grain

Question 79

what do gymnosperms use for transportation and protection of male gametes

Answer 79

pollen grains

Question 80

what does the seed develop and mature in gymnosperms

Answer 80

cone like structure (strobili)

Question 81

what phyla of gymnosperms thrived during age of dinosaurs

Answer 81

cycadophyta

Question 82

most abundant gymnosperm phyla

Answer 82

coniferophyta

Question 83

what is the site of meiosis in male cone

Answer 83

microsporangia

Question 84

____ develop into ____ in male cones

Answer 84

microspores and pollen grains

Question 85

how many cells make up pollen grain in gymnosperms

Answer 85

4 cells

Question 86

4 cells of gymnosperm pollen grain

Answer 86

1. tube cell
2. generative cell
3. prothallial (sterile cells) x2

Question 87

tube cell *gymnosperm function

Answer 87

growth of the pollen tube

Question 88

generative cell (gymnosperm) function

Answer 88

divide to produce two sperm cells

Question 89

prothallium cells (gymnosperm) function

Answer 89

the remains of the vegetative body of the male gametophyte

Question 90

where are megasporangia born in ovulate cone

Answer 90

upper surface of scale

Question 91

what sits above a bract in ovulate cone

Answer 91

scale

Question 92

how many ovules are present one each scale

Answer 92

2

Question 93

how does fertilized egg (zygote) become embryo in gymnosperms

Answer 93

mitosis

Question 94

what surrounds embryo in gymnosperms

Answer 94

female gametophyte tissue

Question 95

integument develops into

Answer 95

seed coat

Question 96

the embryo is a part of the ___ generation

Answer 96

sporophyte

Question 97

what has dicots in angiosperms become known as

Answer 97

paraphyletic

Question 98

most angiosperms are considered

Answer 98

hermaphroditic

Question 99

how can sexual reproduction occur in angiosperms

Answer 99

1. self-fertilization
2. cross-pollination

Question 100

flower function

Answer 100

reproduction

Question 101

what is each whorl of flowers derived from

Answer 101

leaves

Question 102

outside whorl

Answer 102

sepals

Question 103

petals function

Answer 103

attraction of pollinators

Question 104

second whorl

Answer 104

petals

Question 105

thrid whorl

Answer 105

stamen

Question 106

parts of stamen

Answer 106

filaments and anther

Question 107

stamens develop from

Answer 107

microsporophyll

Question 108

fourth whorl (innermost)

Answer 108

carpel

Question 109

parts of the carpel

Answer 109

1. stigma
2. style
3. ovary

Question 110

stigma is made from

Answer 110

megasporophyll

Question 111

microspores are produced by

Answer 111

meiosis

Question 112

anther is derived from

Answer 112

microsporangium

Question 113

what develops into pollen grains in anther

Answer 113

microspores

Question 114

what are pollen grains in angiosperms made from

Answer 114

2 cells - tube cell and generative cell

Question 115

what attaches the ovule to the ovary

Answer 115

the funiculus

Question 116

how are four haploid nuclei produced in angiosperm ovules

Answer 116

diploid meiocyte in megasporangium divides meiotically

Question 117

how many times does one angiosperm nuclei undergo mitosis and what is the result

Answer 117

three times for eight haploid nuclei and 7 cells

Question 118

what makes up the embryo sac

Answer 118

the nuclei created after the one haploid nuclei undergoes mitosis 3 times

Question 119

embryo sac is also known as

Answer 119

female gametophyte

Question 120

how many sperm are delivered to embryo sac

Answer 120

2

Question 121

______ and _____ has the potential to become a seed after fertilization

Answer 121

embryo sac and integuments

Question 122

double fertilization

Answer 122

1. one sperm fuses with an egg = zygote
2. one sperm fuses with two polar nuclei = endosperm

Question 123

what is a function of endosperm

Answer 123

nutrition for the developing embryo

Question 124

seed =

Answer 124

fertilized ovule

Question 125

fruit =

Answer 125

ovary

Question 126

cotyledons function

Answer 126

food storage tissue until the seed can do photosynthesis

Question 127

plumule

Answer 127

top of the embryo

Question 128

plumule function

Answer 128

first set of true leaves

Question 129

radicle

Answer 129

embryonic root

Question 130

what is the wall of the fruit known as

Answer 130

pericarp

Question 131

true fruits

Answer 131

one or more ovaries

Question 132

accessory fruits

Answer 132

incorporate other floral parts in addition to the ovary

Question 133

fruits can be either

Answer 133

fleshy or dry

Question 134

dry fruits

Answer 134

remain intact at maturity or split apart

Question 135

examples of dry fruit

Answer 135

pea, beans and legumes

Question 136

fleshy fruits

Answer 136

layers of fleshy tissue surrounding the seed

Question 137

fleshy fruits examples

Answer 137

1. berries
2. dupes

Question 138

berries

Answer 138

fruits with many seeds (grapes, bananas, tomatoes)

Question 139

drupes

Answer 139

1. one large seed (peaches, almonds or olives

Question 140

berries are drupes are ____ (true or accessory)

Answer 140

true

Question 141

pomes (apples and pears)

Answer 141

accessory fruits

Question 142

A

Answer 142

cotyledon

Question 143

B

Answer 143

plumule

Question 144

C

Answer 144

radicle

Question 145

A

Answer 145

antipodals

Question 146

B

Answer 146

polar nuceli

Question 147

C

Answer 147

synergids

Question 148

D

Answer 148

egg

Question 149

E

Answer 149

integuments

Question 150

F

Answer 150

Funiculus

Question 151

A

Answer 151

tube cell

Question 152

B

Answer 152

generative cell

Question 153

A

Answer 153

integument

Question 154

B

Answer 154

megagametophyte

Question 155

C

Answer 155

megasporangium

Question 156

A

Answer 156

megasporangium wall

Question 157

B

Answer 157

megaspore mother cell

Question 158

C

Answer 158

integuments

Question 159

D

Answer 159

micropyle

Question 160

E

Answer 160

funiculus

Question 161

A

Answer 161

anther sac

Question 162

B

Answer 162

pollen grains

Question 163

C

Answer 163

tube cell

Question 164

D

Answer 164

generative cell

Question 165

A

Answer 165

micropyle

Question 166

B

Answer 166

integument (JUST ONE)

Question 167

C

Answer 167

archegonia

Question 168

D

Answer 168

megasporangium wall

Question 169

E

Answer 169

female gametophyte

Question 170

A

Answer 170

tube cell and nucleus

Question 171

B

Answer 171

generative cell and nucleus

Question 172

C

Answer 172

prothallium