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BIOL 252L > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

mediastinum

A

central division of thoracic cavity

includes thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, and great vessels of the heart, the heart

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2
Q

systemic circuit

A

delivers blood to the body

aorta -> arteries -> systemic capillaries -> veins -> vena cavae

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3
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

delivers blood to the lungs

pulmonary trunk -> pumonary arteries -> pulmonary capillaries -> pulmonary veins

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4
Q

sources of blood to the right atrium

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

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5
Q

components of upper chamber of the heart

A

atrium and its auricle

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6
Q

blood flow through heart

A

Vena cavae, RA, mitral valve, RV, pulmonary trunk, lungs, pulmonary veins, LA, tricuspid valve, LV, aorta, body

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7
Q

coronary circulation

A

delivery of blood to the heart muscles

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8
Q

coronary circulation arteries

A

right and left coronary arteries

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9
Q

coronary circulation veins

A

cardiac veins, come together to form the coronary sinus

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10
Q

the heart wall (deep to superficial)

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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11
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer that lines the atria and ventricles; it is in contact with the blood

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12
Q

myocardium

A

very thick layer contains cardiac muscle and connective tissue

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13
Q

epicardium

A

holds some fat, and it is within this layer that the coronary arteries and cardiac veins travel

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14
Q

layers of heart (deep to superficial)

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium (visceral pericardium), pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

pericardial cavity

A

fluid layer helps to ensure that the heart beats within a relatively friction-free environment

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16
Q

heart valve purpose

A

ensure the one-way flow of blood through the heart

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17
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

between the atria and the ventricles

tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid)

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18
Q

chordae tendineae

A

small cords that anchor the cusps of a AV valve to the ventricle

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19
Q

papillary muscles

A

small projections that hold the chordae tendineae in place

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20
Q

opening of AV valve

A

relaxation of papillary muscle

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21
Q

closing of AV valve

A

contraction of papillary muscle

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22
Q

semilunar valves

A

ensure that high pressure blood from the arterial system does not flow back into the ventricles as they relax

aortic valve and pulmonary valve

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23
Q

pectinate muscles

A

muscular ridges on the internal wall of the atria

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24
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

larger musclular ridges in the ventricles

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25
Q

fossa ovalis

A

small depression within the interatrial septum

shows the former location of the foramen ovale

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26
Q

foramen ovale

A

a hole in the heart wall that allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium before birth

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27
Q

main branches of the aorta

A

the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery

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28
Q

branches of the brachiocephalic artery

A

right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

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29
Q

branches of the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein

symmetrical on each side

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30
Q

branches of the SVC

A

right and left brachiocephalic veins

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31
Q

internal carotid artery supplies blood to the

A

the brain and meninges

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32
Q

vertebral artery

A

passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae to the brain

supplies the brain and its meninges

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33
Q

external carotid artery supplies blood to the

A

the rest of the head, including the face, scalp, oral cavity, and pharynx

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34
Q

external jugular vein recieves blood from the

A

draining the structures outside of the cranial cavity

35
Q

internal jugular vein recieves blood from

A

the cranial cavity

36
Q

branches of the pulmonary trunk

A

right and left pulmonaary arteries

37
Q

area of gas exchange

A

alveoli

38
Q

source of abdominal vessels

A

abdominal aorta

39
Q

celiac trunk

A

anterior projecting artery that serves the stomach, liver, and spleen

40
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine and first part of the large intestine

41
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine and first part of the large intestine

42
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

anterior projecting artery that serves the last part of the large intestine

43
Q

Renal arteries

A

paired, laterally directed vessels that provide blood to the kidneys

44
Q

Gonadal (testicular or ovarian) arteries

A

paired arteries supply the gonads

45
Q

portal system

A

pathway through which the veins of the abdominal digestive organs drain

46
Q

portal system pathway

A

abdominal artery -> capillaries of the small intestines -> hepatic (liver) portal vein -> hepatic sinusoids -> hepatic veins -> IVC

47
Q

nasal septum

A

divides the nasal cavities (L and R)

48
Q

parts of the nasal cavity

A

external nares, vestibules, nasal septum, hard palate, nasal conchae

49
Q

external nares

A

how air enters the nasal cavity

50
Q

nasal vestibules

A

the spaces, just inside the nares, that are surrounded by nasal cartilages

51
Q

structure of the nasal septum

A

cartilage anteriorly, vomer and ethmoid posteriorly

52
Q

hard palate

A

the floor of the nasal cavities

53
Q

nasal conchae

A

bony projections to miximize the surface area of mucosa on the lateral walls

54
Q

parts of the nasal conchae

A

superior, middle, and inferior

55
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled chambers surrounding the nasal cavities, propel mucus into the nasal cavity

56
Q

parts of the paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses

57
Q

posterior end of the nasal cavity

A

where the choanae and hard palate meet/terminate

58
Q

divisions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

59
Q

nasopharynx region

A

begins at the choanae and the soft palate

60
Q

auditory (Eustachian) tube

A

a passageway that allows a connection to the middle ear cavity, held in ghte nasopharynx

61
Q

laryxn location

A

between the trachea and the pharynx, moved by the hyoid bone

62
Q

epiglottis

A

valve to cover the larynx’s superior opening, prevents food and water from entering the trachea, closing controlled by the hyoid bone

63
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

adam’s apple, Prominent on Anterior side of larynx

64
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

most inferior larynx cartilage, prominent on posterior side, completely surround the larynx

65
Q

vocal folds

A

the laryngeal mucosa, positioned by a pair of triangular-shaped arytenoid cartilages

66
Q

glottis

A

a hole formed between the two vocal folds, changes size to allow vibration of the vocal folds and production of sound

67
Q

vocal ligaments

A

vocal cords, underlie the vocal folds

68
Q

number of lobes of the right lung

A

3: superior, middle, inferior

69
Q

numeber of lobes of the left lung

A

2: superior, inferior

70
Q

outermost covering of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

71
Q

pleural cavity

A

space that surrounds the lungs and is filled with fluid that allows the lungs to expand and recoil in a relatively friction-free environment

72
Q

parietal pleura

A

the outer boundary to the pleural cavity

73
Q

structure of the lungs, superficial to deep

A

parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, lung

74
Q

material of the trachae

A

rings of hyaline cartilage

75
Q

bronchial tree components

A

trachea, main (primary) bronchi, lobar (secondary) bronchi, segmental (tertiary) bronchi

76
Q

lobar bronchi

A

one per lobe of lung (3 right, 2 left)

77
Q

sites of gas exchange

A

respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli

78
Q

diaphragm

A

responsible for lung ventilation

79
Q

diaphragm innervation

A

C3-C5 spinal nerves (part of the phrenic nerve)

80
Q

diaphragm contraction

A

increases the thoracic cavity volume, inspiration

81
Q

diaphragm relaxation

A

decreases thoracic cavity, expiration

82
Q

muscles responsible for forced inspiration and expiration

A

abdominal muscles and scalenes

83
Q

movement of rib with inspiration/expiration

A

make the thorax wider - “bucket handle” motion

BIOL 252L (5 decks)

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