Lab 8 Structures Flashcards by Brianna Lee

Q

what structures can you use to identify the lower/mid level medulla cross section?

A

pyramids
gracile/cuneate fasciulus/nuclei
hypoglossal nucleus
obex
inferior olivary nucleus

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Q

gracile/cuneate nucleus and fasciculus

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

red → gracile nucleus pink → gracile fasciculus dark blue → cuneate nucleus light blue → cuneate fasciculus

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Q

lateral (accessory) cuneate nucleus

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

serves as synapse site for 1st order neuron of cuneocerebellar tract

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Q

internal arcuate fibers and medial lemniscus

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

arcuate fibers are 2nd order neurons of DCML tract leaving the dorsal column nuclei and crossing to contralateral medulla
medial lemniscus: the bundle of crossed fibers

red → path of fibers

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Q

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

white matter pathway that contains descending vestibular information and ascending conjugate gaze control

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Q

trigeminothalamic tract

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

crossed tract carrying ascending sensory information from face

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Q

spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

associated with pain and temperature info from face

red → spinal trigeminal tract purple → spinal trigeminal nucleus

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Q

spinothalamic tract

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

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Q

pyramids/corticospinal tract

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

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Q

hypoglossal nucleus

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

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Q

dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

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Q

solitary nucleus/tract

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue (CN IX)

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Q

nucleus ambiguus

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

motor functions of CN IX and CN X

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Q

obex

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

region of median aperature closest to 4th ventricle

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Q

inferior (principal) olivary nucleus

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

gives rise to climbing fibers to cerebellum
nucleus deep to external olive

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Q

reticular formation

medulla → level of sensory decussation

A

diffuse nuclei throughout regions of brainstem
serve variety of functions (e.g. reticulospinal tracts, pain modulation, cardiac/pulmonary functions)

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Q

what structures can you use to identify the upper level medulla cross section?

A

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Q

spinothalamic tract (ALS)

rostral medulla → level of ICP

A

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Q

spinal trigeminal nucleus/tract

rostral medulla → level of ICP

A

red → spinal trigeminal tract purple → spinal trigeminal nucleus

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Q

medial lemniscus

rostral medulla → level of ICP

A

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Q

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

A

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Q

pyramids

rostral medulla → level of ICP

A

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Q

descending sympathetic fibers

rostral medulla → level of ICP

A

associated with pupillary dilation, elevation of eyelid, sweating to face
ipsilateral impact if lesioned

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Q

cochlear nuclei (dorsal, ventral)

rostral medulla → level of ICP

A

associated with aspects of hearing

red → dorsal purple → ventral

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vestibular nuclei (medial, inferior) | rostral medulla → level of ICP

glossopharyngeal nerve | rostral medulla → level of ICP

solitary nucleus/tract | rostral medulla → level of ICP

taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue (CN IX)

nucleus ambiguus | rostral medulla → level of ICP

motor functions of CN IX and CN X

inferior olivary nucleus | rostral medulla → level of ICP

inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) | rostral medulla → level of ICP

what structures can you use to identify the caudal pons cross section?

medial longitudinal fasciculus | caudal pons

medial lemniscus (orientation) | caudal pons

trigeminothalmic tract | caudal pons

spinothalamic tract (ALS) | caudal pons

corticospinal tract (CST) and corticobulbar | caudal pons

spinal trigeminal nucleus/tract | caudal pons

vestibular nuclei | caudal pons

facial colliculus | caudal pons

externally located (deep is abducens nucleus and facial nerve)

facial nucleus, facial nerve | caudal pons

abducens nucleus, nerve | caudal pons

sulcus limitans | caudal pons

superior cerebellar peduncle | caudal pons

reticular formation | caudal pons

collection of diffuse nuclei located in posteriomedial region of medulla, pons, midbrain

pontine nuclei | caudal pons

receive information from cortex and relays information to cerebellum via cerebropontocerebellar fibers

(cerebro)pontocerebellar axons | caudal pons

relays information from pontine nuclei to contralateral cerebellum through MCP

4th ventricle | caudal pons

what structures can you use to identify the upper midbrain cross section?

corticospinal tract (CST)/bulbar fibers | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

medial lemniscus | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

spinothalamic fibers | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

trigeminothalamic tract | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

oculomotor nucleus | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

oculomotor nerve | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

pulvinar nuclear complex | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

* most posterior nucleus of thalamus * associated with visuomotor behaviors, body awareness/attention

medial/lateral geniculate nucleus | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

cerebral aqueduct | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

periaqueductal grey (PAG) | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

* gray matter surrounding cerebral aqueduct * associated with pain modulation

Edinger-Westphal nucleus | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

gives rise to pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with pupillary constriction of eye

red nucleus | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

substantia nigra | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

source of dopaminergic fibers

cerebral peduncles | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

interpeduncular fossa | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

superior colliculus | midbrain → level of superior colliculus

label pons blood supply

label midbrain blood supply