Lab 3 Structures

Question 1

cerebral aqueduct

Answer 1

Question 2

basilar of pons

Answer 2

Question 3

thalamus

Answer 3

• relays sensory/motor information
• sensory processing
• regulation of sleep and wakefulness
• consciousness
• mood

Question 4

hypothalamus

Answer 4

• activities of ANS
• metabolic processes
• pituitary function

Question 5

mammillary body

Answer 5

aspects of memory

Question 6

anterior commissure

Answer 6

relays information (olfactory) between hemispheres

Question 7

fornix

body and columns

Answer 7

connects mammillary body to hippocampus

red → body purple → columns

Question 8

pineal body

Answer 8

• role in modulating sleep
• pain modulation/stress/learning

Question 9

posterior commissure

Answer 9

relays information (pupillary reflexes) between hemispheres

Question 10

corpus callosum

rostrum, genu, body, splenium

Answer 10

large white matter structure which relays info between hemispheres

blue → rostrum purple → genu red → body yellow → splenium

Question 11

septum pellucidum

Answer 11

thin membrane separating anterior horns of right/left lateral ventricles of cerebral hemispheres

Question 12

tectum

superior colliculus, inferior colliculus

Answer 12

* "roof" over cerebral aqueduct
* superior colliculus → associated with vision
* inferior colliculus → associated with audition

| entire red area is tectum

Question 13

midbrain tegmentum

externally → cerebral peduncles

Answer 13

• “floor” of cerebral aqueduct
• pathway to/from cortex

Question 14

interpeduncular fossa

Answer 14

space between 2 cerebral peduncles

Question 15

pontine tegmentum

Answer 15

Question 16

floor of 4th ventricle

Answer 16

Question 17

roof of 4th ventricle (medullary velum)

Answer 17

Question 18

ventral pyramids

Answer 18

descending path for motor function to body

Question 19

pyramidal decussation

Answer 19

crossing of descending motor fibers

Question 20

dorsal sensory fibers

gracile fasciculus, cuneate fasciculus

Answer 20

ascending sensory fibers from LE/UE

Question 21

what are the 2 major circulatory systems?

Answer 21

• anterior intracranial circulation
• posterior intracranial circulation

Question 22

what main artery does the anterior circulation arise from?

Answer 22

internal carotid artery

Question 23

what main artery does the posterior circulation arise from?

Answer 23

• basilar artery
• vertebral artery (2)

green → basilar artery blue → vertebral arteries

Question 24

what is the function of the Circle of Willis?

Answer 24

communication of anterior to posterior circulation systems

Question 25

what is included in the corticomeningeal (leptomeningeal) anastomosis?

Answer 25

* overlap of ACA, MCA, PCA on superior/lateral cerebral hemispheres * referred to as "watershed" area

Question 26

what arteries are included in the anterior intracranial circulation?

Answer 26

* ophthalmic artery * anterior cerebral artery (ACA) * middle cerebral artery (MCA) * posterior communicating artery | all are branches of internal carotid artery

Question 27

ophthalmic artery

Answer 27

serves eye through optic canal

Question 28

anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

Answer 28

* supplies medial brain surface (frontal/parietal lobes) * anterior communicating artery joins the 2 ACAs

Question 29

middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Answer 29

supplies lateral brain surface (frontal/parietal/upper temporal)

Question 30

posterior communicating artery

Answer 30

connects anterior circulation to posterior circulation via posterior cerebral artery

Question 31

what arteries are included in the posterior intracranial circulation? | from vertebral arteries

Answer 31

* right/left posterior spinal arteries * anterior spinal artery (and medial branches) * posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 32

vertebral arteries

Answer 32

supplies lateral regions of medulla

Question 33

right/left posterior spinal arteries

Answer 33

blood supply to dorsolateral aspect of spinal cord (each side supplies 1/6 for a total of 1/3) and dorsal caudal medulla

Question 34

anterior spinal artery (and medial branches)

Answer 34

supplies ventral 2/3 of spinal cord and ventral medulla

Question 35

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Answer 35

serves inferior cerebellum and dorsolateral medulla

Question 36

what arteries are included in the posterior intracranial circulation? | from basilar artery

Answer 36

* labyrinthine artery * anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) * pontine arteries (paramedian, short/long circumferential) * superior cerebellar artery * posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

Question 37

basilar artery

Answer 37

* supplies medial pons via paramedian basilar branches * serves lateral aspects of pons via short and long circumferential basilar branches

Question 38

labyrinthine artery

Answer 38

* difficult to find * can be a branch off AICA * serves inner ear

Question 39

anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Answer 39

supplies ventral cerebellum and dorsolateral mid-lower pons

Question 40

pontine arteries | paramedian, short/long circumferential

Answer 40

* blood supply to midline pons via paramedian branches * blood supply to lateral/dorsal pons via short/long circumferential arteries

Question 41

superior cerebellar artery

Answer 41

* superior cerebellum * midbrain structures * superior/middle cerebellar peduncles

Question 42

posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

Answer 42

* midbrain * hypothalamus * thalamus * occipital lobe (visual cortex)/inferior temporal gyrus