(LAB) Alcohol Poisoning

Question 1

Alcohol preparation

Answer 1

a. Ethene hydration
b. Carbohydrate fermentation

Question 2

Alcohol, USP

Answer 2

Ethanol

Question 3

• Grain alcohol, Neutral spirit, Spiritus vini
  Rectificatus, Jaysol, Dehydrated alcohol
• Has a very characteristic odor and sharp
  burning taste

Answer 3

Alcohol, USP (Ethanol)

Question 4

Types of Alcohol

Answer 4

• 99% (dehydrated)
• 95% (absolute)
• 70% (rubbing)
• 50% (diluted)
• Denatured alcohol

Question 5

Contaminants in denatured alcohol

Answer 5

Methanol and Benzene

Question 6

Alcohol Uses

Answer 6

• Available at home, in drug and cosmetic formulation, solvent
• Antiseptic or disinfectant, rubefacient, carminative, mild local anesthesia, refrigerant
• In intoxicating beverages as CNS depressant

Question 7

(T/F) Alcohol is subjected to substance abuse

Answer 7

True

Question 8

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Malted barley
4-5%

Answer 8

Beer

Question 9

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Fruit juice (grapes)
10-14%

Answer 9

White/Red wine

Question 10

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Wine spirit
35-60%

Answer 10

Brandy

Question 11

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Malted grain
40-60%

Answer 11

Whiskey

Question 12

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Molasses
37.5-80%

Answer 12

Rum

Question 13

(T/F) Mechanism of toxicity of alcohol is that all mucous membrane absorb alcohol very quickly and greater part is consumed in body

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Pathways of alcohol metabolism

Answer 14

Alcohol dehydrogenase, Microsomal Ethanol Oxidase System (CYP2E1)

Question 15

Alcohol metabolites

Answer 15

Acetaldehyde, Acetic Acid

Question 16

Major metabolic pathway of EtOH

Answer 16

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 17

(Acute/Chronic effect of Acetaldehyde) Flushing, headache, tachycardia, N&V

Answer 17

Acute

Question 18

(Acute/Chronic effect of Acetaldehyde) Liver damage (free radical production)

Answer 18

Chronic

Question 19

(T/F) Acetic acid is further broken into CO2 and H2O

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Minor pathway in alcohol metabolism

Answer 20

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidase System (CYP2E1)

Question 21

Alcohol Acute (low dose) S/S

Answer 21

• CNS Stimulation, Euphoria, Boisterous
• Mild incoordination
• Coma
• Respiratory depression
• Pulmonary aspiration

Question 22

Alcohol Chronic (high dose) S/S

Answer 22

• CNS Depression
• Hypoglycemia
• Hypothermia
• Acid-base abnormalities
• Lactic acidosis
• Fatty liver
• Cardiomyopathy

Question 23

Altered mental status; Unsteady posture/ Gait; Nystagmus; retinal hemorrhage. Ax: Vit B1 (Thiamine)

Answer 23

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

Question 24

Microencephaly, Intellectual growth
retardation, retarded psychomotor
development; “Precious moments doll”

Answer 24

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 25

“Precious moments doll”

Answer 25

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 26

Acute Alcoholism

Answer 26

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 27

Chronic Alcoholism

Answer 27

Enzyme inducer

Question 28

Additive drug interaction (1+1=2)

Answer 28

Alcohol + CNS depressant → Sedation

Question 29

Synergistic drug interaction (1 + 1 = 3)

Answer 29

Alcohol + CCl4

Question 30

Cephalosporin/ Metronidazole + Alcohol

Answer 30

Disulfiram-like reactions

Question 31

with warm water or sodium bicarbonate

Answer 31

Gastric lavage

Question 32

induce vomiting

Answer 32

Ipecac syrup

Question 33

demulcent

Answer 33

Mineral oil

Question 34

stimulant, physiologic antidote

Answer 34

Caffeine

Question 35

useful awakening agent

Answer 35

Methylphenidate

Question 36

respiration aide, as needed

Answer 36

Oxygen

Question 37

NSS or Sodium lactate solution for circulatory collapse, dehydration and acidosis

Answer 37

Intravenous fluids

Question 38

if with hypoglycemia

Answer 38

Glucose

Question 39

to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome or for acute alcoholism

Answer 39

Thiamine or Vitamin B-complex

Question 40

Treatment for metabolic Acidosis

Answer 40

NaHCO3

Question 41

Corrects fluid & electrolyte imbalance/ acid -base disturbance

Answer 41

Hemodialysis

Question 42

Drain ascitic fluid in peritoneal cavity

Answer 42

Paracentesis

Question 43

(T/F) It is important to keep a patient who has ingested toxic doses of alcohol coldly.

Answer 43

False. Keep the patient warm

Question 44

(Antidote) Orphan drug for MeOH and Ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 44

Fomepizole (Antizol®)

Question 45

Ensure abstinence in the tx of alcohol dependence

Answer 45

Disulfiram (Antabuse®)

Question 46

Contraindicated with alcohol

Answer 46

Activated charcoal