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PHA6131, 6133 3RD SHIFT > (LAB) Alcohol Poisoning > Flashcards

(LAB) Alcohol Poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol preparation

A

a. Ethene hydration
b. Carbohydrate fermentation

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2
Q

Alcohol, USP

A

Ethanol

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3
Q
  • Grain alcohol, Neutral spirit, Spiritus vini
    Rectificatus, Jaysol, Dehydrated alcohol
  • Has a very characteristic odor and sharp
    burning taste
A

Alcohol, USP (Ethanol)

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4
Q

Types of Alcohol

A
  • 99% (dehydrated)
  • 95% (absolute)
  • 70% (rubbing)
  • 50% (diluted)
  • Denatured alcohol
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5
Q

Contaminants in denatured alcohol

A

Methanol and Benzene

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6
Q

Alcohol Uses

A
  • Available at home, in drug and cosmetic formulation, solvent
  • Antiseptic or disinfectant, rubefacient, carminative, mild local anesthesia, refrigerant
  • In intoxicating beverages as CNS depressant
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7
Q

(T/F) Alcohol is subjected to substance abuse

A

True

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8
Q

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Malted barley
4-5%

A

Beer

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9
Q

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Fruit juice (grapes)
10-14%

A

White/Red wine

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10
Q

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Wine spirit
35-60%

A

Brandy

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11
Q

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Malted grain
40-60%

A

Whiskey

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12
Q

(Alcohol derivative)
Fermented from: Molasses
37.5-80%

A

Rum

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13
Q

(T/F) Mechanism of toxicity of alcohol is that all mucous membrane absorb alcohol very quickly and greater part is consumed in body

A

True

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14
Q

Pathways of alcohol metabolism

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase, Microsomal Ethanol Oxidase System (CYP2E1)

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15
Q

Alcohol metabolites

A

Acetaldehyde, Acetic Acid

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16
Q

Major metabolic pathway of EtOH

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

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17
Q

(Acute/Chronic effect of Acetaldehyde) Flushing, headache, tachycardia, N&V

A

Acute

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18
Q

(Acute/Chronic effect of Acetaldehyde) Liver damage (free radical production)

A

Chronic

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19
Q

(T/F) Acetic acid is further broken into CO2 and H2O

A

True

20
Q

Minor pathway in alcohol metabolism

A

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidase System (CYP2E1)

21
Q

Alcohol Acute (low dose) S/S

A
  • CNS Stimulation, Euphoria, Boisterous
  • Mild incoordination
  • Coma
  • Respiratory depression
  • Pulmonary aspiration
22
Q

Alcohol Chronic (high dose) S/S

A
  • CNS Depression
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypothermia
  • Acid-base abnormalities
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Fatty liver
  • Cardiomyopathy
23
Q

Altered mental status; Unsteady posture/ Gait; Nystagmus; retinal hemorrhage. Ax: Vit B1 (Thiamine)

A

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

24
Q

Microencephaly, Intellectual growth
retardation, retarded psychomotor
development; “Precious moments doll”

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

25
Q

“Precious moments doll”

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

26
Q

Acute Alcoholism

A

Enzyme inhibitor

27
Q

Chronic Alcoholism

A

Enzyme inducer

28
Q

Additive drug interaction (1+1=2)

A

Alcohol + CNS depressant → Sedation

29
Q

Synergistic drug interaction (1 + 1 = 3)

A

Alcohol + CCl4

30
Q

Cephalosporin/ Metronidazole + Alcohol

A

Disulfiram-like reactions

31
Q

with warm water or sodium bicarbonate

A

Gastric lavage

32
Q

induce vomiting

A

Ipecac syrup

33
Q

demulcent

A

Mineral oil

34
Q

stimulant, physiologic antidote

A

Caffeine

35
Q

useful awakening agent

A

Methylphenidate

36
Q

respiration aide, as needed

A

Oxygen

37
Q

NSS or Sodium lactate solution for circulatory
collapse, dehydration and acidosis

A

Intravenous fluids

38
Q

if with hypoglycemia

A

Glucose

39
Q

to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome or for acute alcoholism

A

Thiamine or Vitamin B-complex

40
Q

Treatment for metabolic Acidosis

A

NaHCO3

41
Q

Corrects fluid & electrolyte imbalance/ acid
-base disturbance

A

Hemodialysis

42
Q

Drain ascitic fluid in peritoneal cavity

A

Paracentesis

43
Q

(T/F) It is important to keep a patient who has ingested toxic doses of alcohol coldly.

A

False. Keep the patient warm

44
Q

(Antidote) Orphan drug for MeOH and Ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Fomepizole (Antizol®)

45
Q

Ensure abstinence in the tx of alcohol
dependence

A

Disulfiram (Antabuse®)

46
Q

Contraindicated with alcohol

A

Activated charcoal

47
Q
A

PHA6131, 6133 3RD SHIFT (7 decks)

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