(LEC) Oral Care Products Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
Oral Care leader in market
A
Colgate-Palmolive Phils.
2
Q
Most complex and most accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body
A
Human Oral Cavity
3
Q
Main parts of Oral Cavity
A
○ Gingiva (gum)
○ Buccal mucosa (lip and cheek lining)
○ Floor of the mouth
○ Tongue
○ Retromolar trigone
○ Soft palate
○ Hard palate
○ Teeth
○ Lip
4
Q
Visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)
A
Crown
5
Q
Sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until the recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces
A
Root
6
Q
The boundary between root and crown
A
Neck
7
Q
____________ is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws and surrounds the neck of the teeth
A
Gingiva
8
Q
A soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.
A
Dental cavity (pulp cavity)
9
Q
The perception of pain originates in this area
A
Dental cavity (pulp cavity)
10
Q
__________ is used to measure the hardness
A
Mohs scale
11
Q
Enamel rating on the Mohs scale
A
5
12
Q
Hardest substance in the human body
A
Enamel
13
Q
(T/F) Enamel prevents the tooth from wearing away under the pressure of chewing
A
True
14
Q
Composition of enamel which starts to dissolve
below pH 5.5
A
calcium hydroxyapatite
15
Q
(T/F) Demineralization and remineralization impacts enamel hardness and strength
A
True
16
Q
(T/F) Demineralization starts at pH 5.5. As a result, calcium hydroxyapatite is dissolved and the calcium and phosphate properties is removed from the enamel
A
True
17
Q
_________________ is the reverse process of demineralization because it restores the calcium and phosphate properties of the enamel
A
Remineralization
18
Q
Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity
A
Dentin
19
Q
(T/F) Dentin forms the smallest portion of the tooth
A
True.
20
Q
(T/F) Dentin is less porous, softer, more sensitive, and less susceptible to decay and wear if exposed
A
False. It is more porous, and more susceptible.
21
Q
Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root
A
Cementum
22
Q
Binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone and anchored in the jaw by the peridontal ligament
A
Cementum
23
Q
Main component of Enamel
A
Hydroxyapatite
24
Q
pH that would dissolve hydroxyapatite (DEmineralization)
A
pH LESS 5.5
25
(T/F) Dissolution of hydroxyapatite weakens the enamel.
True
26
Counter process of demineralization
Remineralization
27
Between meals, _______ can trigger remineralization
saliva
28
pH for REmineralization
pH MORE than 5.5
29
Plaque
Dental Biofilm
30
Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on the teeth
Plaque
31
(T/F) Plaque is readily removed through brushing
True
32
Disease resulting in the breakdown and destruction of the enamel due to demineralization
Dental caries
33
If the plaque is not removed, so the sugars in drinks and foods remain in the teeth + cariogenic bacteria from the plaque will lead to the formation of acid, which lower pH and demineralization will occur
Formation of dental caries
34
Hardened plaque that causes yellowish-brown discoloration to the teeth
Dental calculus
35
(T/F) Dental calculus can also be removed by brushing.
False. It cannot be removed by brushing. It requires assistance from a dental care professional to be removed
36
Inflammation of the gums
Gingivitis
37
(T/F) Gingivitis can be remedied without treatment.
True
38
Infection of gums that can progress to affect the bone that surround and support the teeth.
Periodontitis
39
(T/F) Periodontitis requires professional help.
True
40
Brief episode of sharp well-localized pain when subjected to various stimuli
Tooth sensitivity
41
Stimulus for tooth sensitivity
Cold food
42
Dental stains
Teeth discoloration
43
Are spots or smaller areas on the teeth contrasting with the rest of the teeth color
Dental stains
44
(Dental stains: type of coloration) Deep discoloration of teeth
Intrinsic
45
(Dental stains: type of coloration) Discoloration of the surface of the teeth
Extrinsic
46
Cause of intrinsic coloration
Tetracycline
47
Cause of extrinsic coloration
Food with color
48
Halitosis
Bad breath
49
Occurs because of the limited saliva production, which results in the concentration of the bacteria that results to malodor
Morning Breath
50
(T/F) Oral malodor is due to foods, alcohol, tobacco, or disease
True
51
(T/F) In ACD Guidelines, toothpastes and mouthwash are classified as cosmetic products.
True
52
Oral dentrifice
Toothpaste
53
54
Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the teeth, and keep breath fresh.
Toothpaste
55
Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power of a toothbrush
Toothpaste
56
Oral or Mouth Rinse
Mouthwash
57
(T/F) Mouthwash are used after brushing for more effective cleaning effect
True
58
Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene
Mouthwash
59
Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons
Tooth Whitening products
60
Tooth whitening products are also called _____________
Bleaching products
61
Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration
Tooth whitening products
62
Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush
Tooth powder
63
Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught between the teeth and between teeth and gums
Dental Floss
64
Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting
Dental Fluorosis
65
may be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children
Dental Fluorosis
66
(T/F) In dental fluorosis, spots and stains left on the teeth are temporary
False. Spots and stains left on the teeth are PERMANENT and may darken over time
67
Desired characteristics for toothpaste
● Pleasant taste and smell
● Provide fresh and clean sensation after every use
● Remove debris, plaque, and stains
● Foams well
● Pleasant mouthfeel: non-sticky, and good texture
● Attractive appearance: with appropriate gloss, bubble-free, and
homogenous color
68
Mild cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth
Toothpaste
69
Intended to freshen the breath and remove deposits from the teeth
Toothpaste
70
Provide protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and gum diseases
Toothpaste
71
Insoluble inorganic ingredients that clean and polish teeth to remove debris and residual surface stains
Abrasives
72
(T/F) Phosphate-based abrasives should be avoided in toothpastes containing sodium fluoride since formation of an insoluble calcium salt decrease active fluoride concentration.
False. Calcium-based abrasives dapat
73
toothpaste ingredient that aid in cleaning and foaming
Surfactants
74
These are used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations with specific rheological property
Thickeners/Binders
75
Hydrophilic colloids that disperse and swell in the water phase of the toothpaste
Thickeners/Binders
76
Used to neutralize thickeners, e.g. sodium hydroxide
pH Regulators
77
Thickener that requires neutralization
Carbomer
78
Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and hardening to an unacceptable level
Humectant
79
Provide shine and some plasticity to the paste
Humectant
80
Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations
Water
81
________________ are needed because water is one of the main ingredients.
Preservatives
82
(T/F) Water is used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids,
and act as carrier for other ingredients
True
83
Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations
Preservatives
84
Preservatives used in toothpaste formulation
parabens, sodium benzoate, phenoxyethanol
85
Important for product acceptability
Sweetening agents
86
(T/F) Sweetening agents are used in high concentrations and for masking the taste of raw materials.
False. Used in low concentrations.
87
(T/F) The sweetening agent sodium saccharin's sweetness contribute to dental caried because they are not fermented by bacteria and can lead to dental caries.
False. Although Sodium saccharin sweetness may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because they are not fermented by
the microflora of the dental plaque.
88
(T/F) Sucrose can also be used as a sweetening agent in toothpaste.
False. Sucrose cannot be used because it can be fermented by bacteria and can lead to dental carries.
89
One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of customer preferences
Flavoring agent
90
Flavors dominating toothpastes: adult and children
Adult: Mint
Children: Bubble gum and fruity aroma
91
These agents maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to make colored striped products
Coloring agents
92
Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects, cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath
Natural Ingredients
93
Components that prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize tooth decay
Anticaries component
94
______________ initiates and speeds up remineralization and slows down demineralization
Fluoride
95
Allowable total fluoride for 2 years old and above
850-1150 ppm
96
Allowable total fluoride for 6 years and above
1500 ppm
97
Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing plaque and gingivitis
Antiplaque and antigingivitis components
98
___________ acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect on bacterial enzymes
Stannous fluoride
99
(T/F) Triclosan is also used in toothpaste formulations
True
100
Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin
Anti hypersensitivity agents
101
Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin
Anti hypersensitivity agents
102
____________ and _____________ and ____________ reduce the permeability of dentin (covers the pulp cavity) and prevent the nerve endings from
being stimulated
- Strontium chloride
- Stannous fluoride (at 0.454%)
- Calcium sodium phosphosilicate
103
Anticalculus / Tartar control ingredient are also known as
Crystal growth inhibitors
104
Prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through controlling mineralization
Anticalculus / Tartar control ingredient
105
Non-bleaching whitening products contain agents that work by physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.
Whitening agents
106
Abrasives may provide whitening action as they
remove stains from the teeth.
Physical Whitening ingredients
107
Positively-charged ingredients like SHMP may bind to negatively-charged stain molecules
Chemical Whitening ingredients
108
(T/F) Bleaching agents change the natural tooth color
True. They contain peroxides like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that
help remove deep (intrinsic) and surface (extrinsic) stains
109
(T/F) Antimalodor ingredients action is temporary.
True, because saliva can quickly wash away flavoring ingredients
110
Antibacterial agents may be used to kill bacteria-causing bad breath. Include triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride
Antimalodor ingredients
111
Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a minimum force (yield stress) is applied on them
Bingham plastic
112
Shear thinning
Pseudoplastic
113
(T/F) Pseudoplastic stays viscous until force is applied
True
114
(T/F) Even if you do not apply any stress in pseudoplastics, it flows.
True. It flows faster when yield stress exceeds.
115
Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out
Mouthwash
116
May help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar formation
Mouthwash
117
Acts as vehicle for the other ingredients
Solvents
118
This solvent has antibacterial activity, acts as astringent, and contributes to fresh feeling. It ay also help stabilize the product by solubilizing flavoring oils.
Alcohol
119
(T/F) Humectants inhibit crystallization around the closure
True
120
Increases product viscosity and produces good mouthfeel
Humectants
121
Used to solubilize flavoring oils and stabilize the product
Surfactants
122
(T/F) Surfactants provide foaming action on use, and contribute to cleansing effect
True
123
Astringents
Serve as temporary deodorizers that mask bad breath
124
Protect water/humectant system from microbial growth
Preservatives
125
These provide refreshing effect and pleasant note over the breath aroma
Flavoring agents
126
Effectively reduces plaque formation and
gingivitis in mouthwash. May stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation.
Chlorhexidine
127
(T/F) Cetylpyridinium chloride may be inactivated by anionic surfactants, and is not recommended after brushing because it is cationic
Antiplaque/ Antigingivitis agents
128
(T/F) Antiplaque/ Antigingivitis agents include essential oils and triclosan.
True
129
Involves an oxidative process that alters the light absorbing or light reflecting nature of the tooth structure, thereby increasing
perception of whiteness
Tooth whitening aids
130
(T/F) Whitening effect is produced by free radical produced by hydrogen peroxide interacting with the pigment molecules
True
131
(T/F) Tooth powders are difficult to apply to the brush, does not provide pleasant
brushing experience, and foaming activity
True
132
Physical mix of dental abrasive, flavor, foaming aid used with a toothbrush
Tooth powders
133
Filament that clean areas in the oral cavity, which are
more difficult to reach with a toothbrush
Dental floss
134
(T/F)
Dentists recommend flossing prior to brushing to allow the fluoride to reach between the teeth
135
Dental floss are made from
Waxed/non-waxed nylon, Teflon filaments, or plastic monofilaments
136
Strip of waxed/non-waxed nylon or polyethylene fiber
Dental tape
137
Has a very thin almost rectangular cross section that helps clean wider spaced between the teeth compared to the floss.
Dental tape.
138
Performance parameters
- Antibacterial activity
- Whitening Activity
- Hypersensitivity Reduction
139
In vitro test is performed using oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus oralis using the agar well diffiusion method
Antibacterial Activity
140
Method used in In Vitro Antibacterial Activity
Agar well diffusion
141
(T/F) In the in vivo test for antimicrobial activity, human volunteers use toothpaste or
mouthwash formulations for a predetermined period of time.
True
142
(T/F) Saliva samples only during the study are inoculated on plates, aerobically or anaerobically, and microbial colonies are counted and compared.
False. Before, during, and after.
143
This parameter involved performing on teeth removed from animals and stained and treated with whitening product.
Whitening activity
144
(T/F) Color in whitening parameter is evaluated using FTIR analysis and image analysis.
False. Evaluated using a spectrophotometer, colorimeter, or by image analysis
145
Product evaluation is conducted by dental professionals in a clinical study that would determine the efficacy of a desensitizing product compared to placebo, negative, or positive control
Hypersensitivity Reduction
