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CVA > LAB - Connective Tissue & Cranial Anatomy > Flashcards

LAB - Connective Tissue & Cranial Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How does a tendon differ from a ligament?

A

Tendon = join bone to muscle
Ligaments - join bone to bone

both are examples of connective tissue associated with cartilage and bone

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2
Q

How do osteoblasts differ from osteoclasts?

A

osteoblast - immature osteocytes involved in new bone deposition (build)
osteoclast - bone removal through breakdown of bone matrix (break down)

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3
Q

List the 2 protein fibers found within cartilage:

A
  1. collagen fibers
  2. elastin fibers
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4
Q

What are the 2 components of the matrix within cartilage?

A
  1. ground substance
  2. protein fibers
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5
Q

The cells within cartilage are called ________.

A

chondrocytes

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6
Q

Which tissue is more vascularized, cartilage or bone?

A

bone

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7
Q

Form & Function: How does hypertrophy differ from atrophy? If you were on the moon, which would predominate your body?

A

Bone is responsive to mechanical stress.

Hypertrophy - use increase then increase in bone density & deposition
Atrophy - use decrease then decrease in bone density

On the moon, atrophy

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8
Q

What is the difference between endochondral, dermal, and sesamoid bone?

A

These are embryonic origins used as descriptors (gross visual appearance of bone will not tell method of embryonic origin)

  1. endochondral - most elaborate - formation of cartilage from mesenchyme & replacement of cartilage by bone tissue
  2. dermal - direct from mesenchyme no cartilage precursor
  3. sesamoid - form w/in tendons (knee) & aren’t preceded by cartilage
    - some bone structures are composites of these
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9
Q

What is the difference b/w homodont and heterodont dentition?

A

Homodont - (lower vertebrates) - teeth same general appearance throughout mouth
Heterodont - (mammals) - teeth differ in appearance in mouth

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10
Q

What animals have no teeth?

A

turtles & birds

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11
Q

What is the function of the carnassial pair in carnivores? What teeth comprise this pair?

A

Last premolar (upper row) & first molar (lower row)

  • primary shearing surface along lateral side of jaw (form/fx- similar to scissor blades)
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12
Q

Identify the type of cartilage and 3 parts:

A

Hyaline Cartilage

A. Extracellular matrix

B. Lacuna

C. Chondrocytes

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13
Q

Identify the type of cartilage and 3 parts:

A

Fibrocartilage

A. Lacuna

B. Chondrocytes

C. Collagen fibers

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14
Q

Identify the type of cartilage and 3 parts:

A

Elastic Cartilage

  1. Chondrocyte
  2. Lacuna
  3. Elastic cartilage
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15
Q

List 2 places where you can find hyaline cartilage in vertebrates:

A
  1. tips of ribs
  2. ends of bones to assist with joints
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16
Q

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in vertebrates?

A

hyaline

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17
Q

Which type of cartilage is most flexible?

A

elastic cartilage

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18
Q

Chondrocyte literally translates to _________.

A

Cartilage cell

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19
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. mesenchyme tissue
  2. connective tissue develops from embryonic mesenchyme tissue (not in adults)
    3a. mesenchymal Cells
    3b. ground substance
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20
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. adipose tissue
  2. long-term energy storage, protection of organs, and insulation against the cold
    3a. adipocytes (fat cells)
    3b. nucleus
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21
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A-D)
A
  1. areolar tissue
  2. functions to cushion organs and wrap around and protect neurons and vasculature
    3a. fibroblasts
    3b. ground substance
    3c. collagen fibers (thick & pink)
    3d. elastic fibers (purple)
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22
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. reticular tissue
  2. support framework for organs like liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney
    3a. reticular fibers
    3b. extracellular matrix
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23
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. dense regular tissue
  2. occurs in tendons and ligaments
    3a. collagen fibers
    3b. ground substance
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24
Q

Label parts A-E

A

A. Osteon

B. Lacuna

C. Central (Haversian) Canal

D. Lamella

E. Canaliculi

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25
Q

Identify parts a-e

A

a. mesenchymal cells
b. calcified matrix
c. bone trabeculae
d. osteoclasts
e. osteoblasts (in lacuna)

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26
Q

Identify A

A

a. supratemporal fenestrae

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27
Q

Identify B

A

infratemporal fenestrae

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28
Q

Identify C

A

nasal

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29
Q

Identify D

A

premaxilla

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30
Q

Identify E

A

maxilla

31
Q

Identify F

A

quadrate with condyle

32
Q

Identify G

A

palantine process of premaxilla

33
Q

Label parts A-E

A

A. Osteon

B. Lacuna

C. Central (Haversian) Canal

D. Lamella

E. Canaliculi

34
Q

Identify parts a-e

A

a. mesenchymal cells
b. calcified matrix
c. bone trabeculae
d. osteoclasts
e. osteoblasts (in lacuna)

35
Q

Identify A

A

a. supratemporal fenestrae

36
Q

Identify B

A

infratemporal fenestrae

37
Q

Identify C

A

nasal

38
Q

Identify D

A

premaxilla

39
Q

Identify E

A

maxilla

40
Q

Identify F

A

quadrate with condyle

41
Q

Identify G

A

palantine process of premaxilla

42
Q

What kind of dentition do alligators have?

A

homodont

43
Q

Identify H.

A

palatine process of maxilla

44
Q

Identify I.

A

internal nares (choanae)

45
Q

Identify J

A

incisive foramen

46
Q

Identify 1 -

A

articular

47
Q

Identify 2

A

Dentary

48
Q

Identify A & B

A

Alligator

a. occipital condyle
b. foramen magnum

49
Q

Identify (stars)

A

orbit

50
Q

Identify ***

A

quadrate

51
Q

Identify ****

A

cornified beak of keratin

52
Q

Identify ***

A

dentary

53
Q

Identify A-C (what animal)

A

Turtle

a. occipital condyle
b. internal nares
c. incisive foramen

54
Q

What is the function of the articular bone?

A

The articular is a part of the maxilla where it forms the jaw joint with the quadrate of the cranium.

55
Q

What is the foramen magnum?

A

It is the largest skull foramen where the spinal cord passes through.

56
Q

Identify ***

A

Nares

57
Q

Identify ***

A

palatoquadrate

58
Q

Identify ***

A

Meckel’s cartilage

59
Q

Identify ***

A

Gill arches 1-5

60
Q

Identify ***

A

Spinal cord

61
Q

How many gill slits should be on a dogshark?

A

5

62
Q

What is the additional structure to be identified on shark crainal skeleton?

A

eye orbit/optic foramen

63
Q

Identify

A

Frontal bone

64
Q

Identify.

A

Parietal

65
Q

Identify

A

supraorbital foramen

66
Q

Identify

A

Nasal bone

67
Q

Identify

A

Lacrimal bone

68
Q

Identify

A

zygomatic bone

69
Q

Identify

A

Middle & inferior nasal concha

70
Q

Identify

A

Maxilla

71
Q

Identify

A

Mental foramen

72
Q

Identify

A

Mandible

73
Q

Identify

A

mental protuberance

74
Q
A

CVA (20 decks)

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