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CVA > LAB - Connective Tissue & Cranial Anatomy > Flashcards

LAB - Connective Tissue & Cranial Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

How does a tendon differ from a ligament?

A

Tendon = join bone to muscle
Ligaments - join bone to bone

both are examples of connective tissue associated with cartilage and bone

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2
Q

How do osteoblasts differ from osteoclasts?

A

osteoblast - immature osteocytes involved in new bone deposition (build)
osteoclast - bone removal through breakdown of bone matrix (break down)

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3
Q

List the 2 protein fibers found within cartilage:

A
  1. collagen fibers
  2. elastin fibers
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4
Q

What are the 2 components of the matrix within cartilage?

A
  1. ground substance
  2. protein fibers
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5
Q

The cells within cartilage are called ________.

A

chondrocytes

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6
Q

Which tissue is more vascularized, cartilage or bone?

A

bone

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7
Q

Form & Function: How does hypertrophy differ from atrophy? If you were on the moon, which would predominate your body?

A

Bone is responsive to mechanical stress.

Hypertrophy - use increase then increase in bone density & deposition
Atrophy - use decrease then decrease in bone density

On the moon, atrophy

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8
Q

What is the difference between endochondral, dermal, and sesamoid bone?

A

These are embryonic origins used as descriptors (gross visual appearance of bone will not tell method of embryonic origin)

  1. endochondral - most elaborate - formation of cartilage from mesenchyme & replacement of cartilage by bone tissue
  2. dermal - direct from mesenchyme no cartilage precursor
  3. sesamoid - form w/in tendons (knee) & aren’t preceded by cartilage
    - some bone structures are composites of these
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9
Q

What is the difference b/w homodont and heterodont dentition?

A

Homodont - (lower vertebrates) - teeth same general appearance throughout mouth
Heterodont - (mammals) - teeth differ in appearance in mouth

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10
Q

What animals have no teeth?

A

turtles & birds

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11
Q

What is the function of the carnassial pair in carnivores? What teeth comprise this pair?

A

Last premolar (upper row) & first molar (lower row)

  • primary shearing surface along lateral side of jaw (form/fx- similar to scissor blades)
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12
Q

Identify the type of cartilage and 3 parts:

A

Hyaline Cartilage

A. Extracellular matrix

B. Lacuna

C. Chondrocytes

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13
Q

Identify the type of cartilage and 3 parts:

A

Fibrocartilage

A. Lacuna

B. Chondrocytes

C. Collagen fibers

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14
Q

Identify the type of cartilage and 3 parts:

A

Elastic Cartilage

  1. Chondrocyte
  2. Lacuna
  3. Elastic cartilage
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15
Q

List 2 places where you can find hyaline cartilage in vertebrates:

A
  1. tips of ribs
  2. ends of bones to assist with joints
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16
Q

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in vertebrates?

A

hyaline

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17
Q

Which type of cartilage is most flexible?

A

elastic cartilage

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18
Q

Chondrocyte literally translates to _________.

A

Cartilage cell

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19
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. mesenchyme tissue
  2. connective tissue develops from embryonic mesenchyme tissue (not in adults)
    3a. mesenchymal Cells
    3b. ground substance
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20
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. adipose tissue
  2. long-term energy storage, protection of organs, and insulation against the cold
    3a. adipocytes (fat cells)
    3b. nucleus
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21
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A-D)
A
  1. areolar tissue
  2. functions to cushion organs and wrap around and protect neurons and vasculature
    3a. fibroblasts
    3b. ground substance
    3c. collagen fibers (thick & pink)
    3d. elastic fibers (purple)
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22
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. reticular tissue
  2. support framework for organs like liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney
    3a. reticular fibers
    3b. extracellular matrix
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23
Q
  1. Identify tissue type
  2. Function
  3. Parts (A&B)
A
  1. dense regular tissue
  2. occurs in tendons and ligaments
    3a. collagen fibers
    3b. ground substance
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24
Q

Label parts A-E

A

A. Osteon

B. Lacuna

C. Central (Haversian) Canal

D. Lamella

E. Canaliculi

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25
Identify parts a-e
a. mesenchymal cells b. calcified matrix c. bone trabeculae d. osteoclasts e. osteoblasts (in lacuna)
26
Identify A
a. supratemporal fenestrae
27
Identify B
infratemporal fenestrae
28
Identify C
nasal
29
Identify D
premaxilla
30
Identify E
maxilla
31
Identify F
quadrate with condyle
32
Identify G
palantine process of premaxilla
33
Label parts A-E
A. Osteon B. Lacuna C. Central (Haversian) Canal D. Lamella E. Canaliculi
34
Identify parts a-e
a. mesenchymal cells b. calcified matrix c. bone trabeculae d. osteoclasts e. osteoblasts (in lacuna)
35
Identify A
a. supratemporal fenestrae
36
Identify B
infratemporal fenestrae
37
Identify C
nasal
38
Identify D
premaxilla
39
Identify E
maxilla
40
Identify F
quadrate with condyle
41
Identify G
palantine process of premaxilla
42
What kind of dentition do alligators have?
homodont
43
Identify H.
palatine process of maxilla
44
Identify I.
internal nares (choanae)
45
Identify J
incisive foramen
46
Identify 1 -
articular
47
Identify 2
Dentary
48
Identify A & B
Alligator a. occipital condyle b. foramen magnum
49
Identify (stars)
orbit
50
Identify \*\*\*
quadrate
51
Identify \*\*\*\*
cornified beak of keratin
52
Identify \*\*\*
dentary
53
Identify A-C (what animal)
Turtle a. occipital condyle b. internal nares c. incisive foramen
54
What is the function of the articular bone?
The articular is a part of the maxilla where it forms the jaw joint with the quadrate of the cranium.
55
What is the foramen magnum?
It is the largest skull foramen where the spinal cord passes through.
56
Identify \*\*\*
Nares
57
Identify \*\*\*
palatoquadrate
58
Identify \*\*\*
Meckel's cartilage
59
Identify \*\*\*
Gill arches 1-5
60
Identify \*\*\*
Spinal cord
61
How many gill slits should be on a dogshark?
5
62
What is the additional structure to be identified on shark crainal skeleton?
eye orbit/optic foramen
63
Identify
Frontal bone
64
Identify.
Parietal
65
Identify
supraorbital foramen
66
Identify
Nasal bone
67
Identify
Lacrimal bone
68
Identify
zygomatic bone
69
Identify
Middle & inferior nasal concha
70
Identify
Maxilla
71
Identify
Mental foramen
72
Identify
Mandible
73
Identify
mental protuberance
74

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