Lab Eight Flashcards
Where are the ovaries located?
The ovaries are located in the pelvic cavity.
What is the largest ovarian attachment called?
The largest ovarian attachment is called the broad ligament.
Uterine tubes are also known as?
Either oviducts or Fallopian tubes.
Name the funnel-shaped expansion of the Fallopian tubes near the ovary.
Infundibulum.
Which ligament connects the upper portion of the uterus to the pelvic wall?
The round ligament.
Which portion of the uterus extends downwards into the upper portion of the vagina?
The cervix.
What is the female external genitalia called?
The vulva or pudendum.
Name the round mass of fatty tissue overlying the pubic symphysis.
The mons pubis.
Which female organ is analogous to the male penis?
The female clitoris.
Describe the anatomical relationships of the uterine tubes
- The uterine tubes and uterus are enclosed within an extensive mesentery called the broad ligament
- The uterine tubes extend along the superior border of the broad ligament and open into the peritoneal cavity lateral to the ovaries
Describe the anatomical relationships of the uterus.
- The uterus is located in the pelvis, anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder
- The uterus is normally flexed anteriorly where it joints the vagina, causing the uterus to be inclined forward, also known as anteverted
- The peritoneal space between the uterus and the rectum is called the rectouterine pouch
- The peritoneal space between the bladder and the uterus is called the vesicouterine pouch
Describe the anatomical relationships of the cervix.
- The cervix of the uterus is its narrow neck or outlet which projects into the vagina inferiorly
- The vagina lays between the bladder and uterus and extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body
Describe the anatomical relationships of the vagina.
The upper end of the vagina loosely surrounds the cervix of the uterus producing two vaginal recesses called the fornix.
Describe the blood supply and drainage of the uterine tubes.
The uterine tubes are supplied by branches of the ovarian artery and vein.
Describe the blood supply and drainage of the uterus.
- The uterus is supplied with branches of the uterine and ovarian arteries and veins
- The uterine arteries are branches of the internal iliac arteries
- The ovarian arteries branch directly off of the aorta below the renal arteries
- There is an extensive interconnection among the arteries of the uterus
- The uterine artery gives rise to arcuate arteries within the myometrium and these arteries send radial arteries into the endometrium where they give off straight arteries to the stratum basalis and spiral arteries to the stratum functionalis of the endometrium
- Corresponding veins of the same names drain blood from the uterus and follow the arterial vessels
Describe the blood supply and drainage of the cervix and vagina.
The primary blood supply to the vagina is the vaginal branches of the internal iliac (or uterine) arteries and veins.
Why does the ovarian cortex appear granular?
This is due to the presence of ovarian follicles.
What are the cuboidal cells on the free surface of the ovary called?
These are called germinal epithelium.
A primary oocyte is surrounded by what kind of cells?
Simple squamous follicular cells.
What happens when a primary oocyte divides?
When a primary oocyte divides, it produces both a secondary oocyte and a polar body.
Which hormone stimulates the development of primary follicles from primordial follicles?
Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates this development.
What is the process whereby a secondary oocyte is released from the ovary?
This process is called ovulation.
What is the inner lining of the vagina called?
The inner lining of the vagina is called the mucosa, which contains transverse ridges called rugae.
What is the major tissue that makes up the myometrium?
The myometrium is largely composed of smooth muscle tissue.
What kind of epithelial tissue makes up the hymen?
The hymen is primarily composed of connective tissue and stratified squamous epithelium.
How many chromosomes are found in primary oocytes?
Primary oocytes contain 46 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes are found in secondary oocytes?
Secondary oocytes contain 23 chromosomes.
Describe the histological features of a tertiary follicle.
A tertiary follicle will have an antrum, follicular cells, a zona pellucida, a corona radiata, and a primary oocyte.
When does a primary oocyte become a secondary oocyte?
Until the preovulatory stage, the follicle contains an oocyte arrested in prophase of meiosis one (46 chromosomes). During the late portion of the preovulatory stage, the oocyte continues meiosis and becomes a secondary oocyte that is arrested in metaphase II (23 chromosomes).
What is the function of a corpus luteum?
The corpus luteum forms from the empty follicle after ovulation. The cells of the corpus luteum synthesize steroid hormones, mainly progesterone. This hormone is essential for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy should fertilization occur. Large luteal cells originate from granulosa cells and small luteal cells originate from thecal cells.
Describe the epithelial lining of the uterine tubes.
The uterine tubes are lines by both ciliated simple columnar cells and non-ciliated columnar cells that function as secretory cells.
Describe the epithelial lining of the uterus.
The uterus is lined by both ciliated simple columnar cells and non-ciliated columnar cells that function as secretory cells.
Describe the epithelial lining of the cervix.
The cervix is lined by mucus-secreting simple columnar cells.
Describe the epithelial lining of the vagina.
The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
What is the fate of a mature follicle?
A mature follicle is destined for ovulation.
Describe the function of the cilia in the lining of the uterine tubes.
The cilia in the uterine tubes transport material. The cilia sweep the ovum downwards and the sperm upwards.
Describe the changes that occur in the uterine lining during a reproductive cycle.
The reproductive cycle consists of three phases which directly affect the lining of the uterus.
- Menses
- Proliferation phase
- Secretory phase
