Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
endentulism
A
lack of teeth
2
Q
rhamphotheca
A
upper keratin sheath/beak
3
Q
gnathotheca
A
lower keratin sheath/beak
4
Q
serration on beak
A
tomia
5
Q
dentition
A
array of teeth in jaw
6
Q
occlusal surface
A
contact surface of teeth
7
Q
cusp
A
raised parts of tooth on occlusal surface
8
Q
Buccal
A
cheek/lip side of teeth
9
Q
Lingual
A
tongue side of teeth
10
Q
mesial
A
front teeth
11
Q
distal
A
back teeth
12
Q
Homodont
A
similar shaped teeth throughout mouth
13
Q
Polyphyodont
A
teeth that are continually replaced throughout an animal’s life
14
Q
Acrodont
A
Teeth attached to the top of the jaw
15
Q
Pleurodont
A
teeth attached to the lingual side of jaw by ligaments
16
Q
Heterodont
A
differences in tooth shape throughout mouth
17
Q
Thecodont
A
Teeth are set in sockets
18
Q
Diphyodont
A
There are only two sets of teeth present (milk and adult teeth)
19
Q
Monophyodont
A
There is only a single set of teeth
20
Q
Canines
A
conical, used for seizing/piercing prey or for display and/or fighting
21
Q
Premolars
A
Primitively used for puncturing
22
Q
Molars
A
originally used for cutting and crushing
23
Q
Tribosphenic molars
A
Unique to mammals; form a ‘mortar and pestle’ crushing point
24
Q
Protocone
A
part of Tribosphenic molars that fits into the taloid basin
25
Carnassials
Upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar in carnivorous mammals; linearly aligned and sectorial
26
Sectorial
sharp-edged teeth
27
Brachyodont
Used to describe mammals that possess teeth with low crowns and well-developed roots
28
Hypsodont
Increased height and extensive cementum covering on surface and between cusps; teeth more resistant to wear
29
Bunodont molars
Brachyodont teeth found in humans, pigs, and primitive herbivores; cusps become rounded and form grinding surfaces
30
Lophodont molars
Hypsodont teeth found in Perrisodactyls (horses, elephants, rhinos, and rodents); cusps blend together into lophs
31
Selenodont molars
Hypsodont teeth found in Artiodactyls (deer and camels); cusps remain independent but elongate caudo-rostrally
32
Chondrichthyan teeth
Homodont, Polyphyodont, and Acrodont
33
Amphibian teeth
Homodont, Polyphyodont, and Pleurodont
34
Neopterygian fish teeth
Homodont, Polyphyodont, Pleurodont or Acrodont, teeth may be distributed throughout oral cavity and pharynx
35
Squamate teeth
Acrodont or Pleurodont, Polyphyodont, Homodont or Heterodont
36
Archosaur teeth
Thecodont, Polyphyodont, Homodont or Heterodont
37
Mammal teeth
Diphyodont or Monophyodont, Homodont or Heterodont, Thecodont
38
3 middle ear bones in mammals
incus, malleus, and stapes
39
What is the incus homologous to?
Quadrate
40
What is the malleus homologous to?
Articular
41
What is the stapes homologous to?
Stapes
42
Jaw joint in synapsids
Articulate-Quadrate
43
Jaw joint in mammals
Dentary-Squamosal
44
Basement membrane
thin, noncellular region separating epithelium from underlying connective tissue
45
simple epithelium
epithelium with only 1 cell layer
46
stratified epithelium
epithelium with multiple layers
47
pseudostratified epithelium
single cell layer attached to the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the surface
48
squamous epithelial
epithelium with a flat surface
49
cuboidal cells
cells are as tall as they are wide
50
columnar cells
cells are taller than they are wide
51
cilia
motile structures in uterus and respiratory system
52
microvilli
small, nonmotile projections that cover absorptive cell in intestines and proximal tubule of kidneys
53
stereocilia
long, nonmotile, branched microvilli in epididymis and vas deferens
54
3 main types of epithelia
simple, pseudostratified, stratified
55
goblet cells
cells associated with epithelium that produce and excrete mucus
56
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
type of epithelium with a layer of dead keratinized cells (human skin)
57
stratum corneum
outermost layer of dead keratinized cells in SSK epithelium
58
What are the layers of SSK epithelium from outermost to basement membrane
stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
59
exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts
60
simple exocrine gland
exhibit unbranched duct
61
tubular gland
secretory portion is tube-shaped
62
compound exocrine gland
exhibit repeatedly branching ducts
63
alveolar/acinar glands
secretory portion is flask-shaped
64
tubuloacinar glands
has both tubular and acinar secretory portions
65
mucous glands
produce viscous substances for lubrication and protection
66
serous glands
produce watery substances that are rich in enzymes
67
mixed glands
act as a combination of mucous and serous glands
68
merocrine glands
release secretion via exocytosis without losing cellular components
69
holocrine glands (i.e. sebaceous glands)
the cells become secretory product: cells accumulate lipids, die, degenerate, and become sebum
70
Endocrine glands
excrete products into bloodstream
71
loose connective tissue
irregular arrangement of cells and fibers; more prevalent than dense connective tissue; abundant ground substance
72
ground substance
viscous solution of carbohydrates and glycosaminoglycans
73
Dense irregular connective tissue
primarily consists of fibroblasts and thick and dense collagen fibers with random orientation; less ground substance
74
dense regular connective tissue
collagen fibers densely packed in regular, parallel orientation; provides resistance to force along a single axis
75
Fibroblasts
active permanent cells that synthesize all collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers
76
Fibrocytes
inactive or resting connective tissue cells
77
White adipose cells
store lipids as a single droplet; highly vascularized with numerous hormone receptors; secrete leptin
78
Brown adipose cells
store lipids as multiple droplets; generates body heat in newborns and animals emerging from hibernation
