Lab Exam 1 - Skulls, Skeletons, Dentition

Question 1

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
Does it have any other specialized teeth?

Answer 1

Question 2

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 2

3-toed sloth

Question 3

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 3

9-banded armadillo

Question 4

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 4

Aardvark
Peg-like teeth
Insectivore/browser

Question 5

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 5

Question 6

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 6

Question 7

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 7

Question 8

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
Identify as many plates/features as you can.

Answer 8

Coyote
Mesocarnivore but will eat plants
Carnassial cheek teeth

Question 9

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 9

white-tailed deer

Question 10

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 10

elk

Question 11

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 11

Question 12

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 12

Question 13

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What feature is prominent in the cross section photo?

Answer 13

turbinates are present in cross section

Question 14

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 14

Question 15

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 15

Question 16

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 16

Question 17

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 17

Question 18

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 18

wild boar

Question 19

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Answer 19

Question 20

what species are each of these claws?

Answer 20

Question 21

what species is this antler?

Answer 21

caribou

Question 22

common name
subclass
order
diet

Answer 22

Question 23

what species are these antlers?

Answer 23

elk

Question 24

what type of head ornaments are these? what species is each one?

Answer 24

Question 25

subclass infraclass order family common species name diet

Answer 25

Question 26

subclass order family common species name diet

Answer 26

Question 27

subclass infraclass order family common species name diet

Answer 27

Question 28

subclass infraclass order family common species name diet

Answer 28

Question 29

subclass infraclass order family common species name diet

Answer 29

Question 30

subclass infraclass order family species (common and latin) diet

Answer 30

Question 31

what is this and what type of head ornaments does it have

Answer 31

white-tailed deer, antlers

Question 32

What two main parts make up the skull?

Answer 32

Upper cranium (including braincase) Mandible (lower jaw) (dentary)

Question 33

# Match the terms with their position on the skull alisphenoid bone alisphenoid canal auditory bulla (tympanic bone) basioccipital basisphenoid

Answer 33

alisphenoid bone - 1 alisphenoid canal - 2 auditory bulla (tympanic bone) - 3 basioccipital - 4 basisphenoid - 5

Question 34

# Match the terms with their position on the skull external auditory meatus foramen magnum frontal infraorbital foramen jugal

Answer 34

external auditory meatus - 6 foramen magnum - 7 frontal - 8 infraorbital foramen - 9 jugal - 10

Question 35

# Match the terms with their position on the skull lacrimal mandibular fossa maxilla nasal bone occipital bone

Answer 35

lacrimal - 11 mandibular fossa - 12 maxilla - 13 nasal bone - 14 occipital bone - 15

Question 36

# Match the terms with their position on the skull occipital condyle orbit orbitosphenoid palatal (=incisive) foramen palatine

Answer 36

occipital condyle - 16 orbit - 17 orbitosphenoid - 18 palatal (=incisive) foramen - 19 palatine - 20

Question 37

# Match the terms with their position on the skull parietal paroccipital process postorbital process (of the frontal) premaxilla, palatal branch premaxilla, nasal branch

Answer 37

parietal - 21 paroccipital process - 22 postorbital process (of the frontal) - 23 premaxilla, palatal branch - 24 premaxilla, nasal branch - 25

Question 38

# Match the terms with their position on the skull presphenoid pterygoid sagittal crest squamosal temporal fossa

Answer 38

presphenoid - 26 pterygoid - 27 sagittal crest - 28 squamosal - 29 temporal fossa - 30

Question 39

# Match the terms with their position on the skull temporal ridge vomer zygomatic process of squamosal zygomatic process of maxilla angular process

Answer 39

temporal ridge - 31 vomer - 32 zygomatic process of squamosal - 33 zygomatic process of maxilla - 34 angular process - 35

Question 40

# Match the terms with their position on the skull coronoid process mandibular condyle masseteric fossa body ramus

Answer 40

coronoid process - 36 mandibular condyle - 37 masseteric fossa - 38 body - 39 ramus - 40

Question 41

# Define these terms associated with relative positioning of features Anterior vs. Posterior Dorsal vs. Ventral Medial vs. Lateral Proximal vs. Distal Buccal Labial Lingual

Answer 41

Anterior – referring to something in front of x vs. Posterior – referring to something behind x Dorsal – above x/top of surface vs. Ventral – below x/bottom of surface Medial – towards the middle/midline vs. Lateral – towards the outside Proximal – close to/towards the body vs. Distal – distant to/away from the body Buccal – referring to the side closest/adjacent to the cheek Labial – referring to the side closest/adjacent to lips Lingual – referring to the side closest/adjacent to tongue

Question 42

# Define these 5 general skull terms Bulla Crest Condyle Foramen Fossa

Answer 42

Bulla – bulbous bony prominence often housing important structures like ear Crest - narrow, prominent ridge Condyle – smooth, rounded projection that allows articulation with another bone Foramen – hole in a bone that nerves, blood vessels, or muscles pass through Fossa – shallow depression on bone surface

Question 43

# Define these 5 general skull terms Line Meatus Plates Process Ramus

Answer 43

Line – narrow raised ridge Meatus – small tubular opening Plates – sometimes used to describe flatter, thinner bones Process – small projection or bump Ramus – branch or arm of a bone

Question 44

# Define these 5 general skull terms Septum Suture Symphysis Turbinates Trochanter

Answer 44

Septum – bony “fence” that separates 2 regions Suture – line where bone plates fuse typically during adulthood Symphysis – cartilaginous junction between 2 bones Turbinates – numerous, thin bones in nasal passage that increase surface area Trochanter – large rounded projection for muscle attachment

Question 45

# Define these 5 dental terms Homodonty Heterodonty Monophydonty Diphydonty Polyphydonty

Answer 45

Homodonty – all teeth look alike Heterdonty – teeth vary in shape and size Monophydonty – 1 set of teeth Diphydonty – 2 set of teeth Polyphydonty – 2+ sets of teeth

Question 46

# Define these 5 dental terms Canines Caniniform Carnassial Cheek Teeth Cranium

Answer 46

Canines – if present, immediately posterior to incisors; anchored in maxilla Caniniform – resembling typical canine Carnassial – secodont teeth formed by fourth upper premolar and 1st lower molar Cheek Teeth – if present, the premolars and molars immediately posterior to canines Cranium – top part of skull, but sometimes used to describe the braincase

Question 47

# Define these 5 dental terms Crown Cusp Dentary/Mandible Dentin Diastema

Answer 47

Crown –top surface of tooth, various shapes and patterns, usually covered in enamel Cusp – raised area on the crown of a tooth (mountaintop) Dentary/Mandible ¬– lower, moveable part of the skull used for feeding Dentin – tooth layer between crown and root, softer than enamel; may be exposed Diastema – space/gap between the incisors and cheek teeth. Often canine missing

Question 48

# Define these 5 dental terms Incisors Incisiform Occlusal surface Loph Molar

Answer 48

Incisors – front grasping teeth anchored in premaxilla and dentary Incisiform – resembling typical incisor Occlusal Surface – where teeth fit together/make main contact w/ food Loph – ridgelines that connect tooth cusps or that otherwise are raised areas of contact Molar – most posterior cheek teeth, various shapes and occlusal surfaces; anchored in maxilla and dentary

Question 49

# Define these 6 dental terms Molariform Premolar Quadrate Root Tribosphenic Tusk

Answer 49

Molariform - resembling typical molar Premolar – teeth between canine and molars anchored in maxilla and dentary Quadrate – having squre-like shape w/ 4 cusps Root – the subsurface (below gumline) portion of tooth that anchors it into bone and contains vascularized and innervated pulp; rooted (one or more) or rootless (ever-growing) Tribosphenic – having 3 cusps; considered the oldest crown general pattern Tusk – tooth disproportionally larger than others that prominently protrudes from mouth

Question 50

# Define Brachydont Hypsodont Describe function and development of these types of teeth

Answer 50

Question 51

# Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns Bunodont Conical Cuspidate Dilambdodont

Answer 51

Bunodont – usually quadrate, blunt-crowned; crushing and grinding Conical – resembling a cone; grasping Cuspidate – sharp yet broad-cusped; crushing, slicing, grinding Dilambdodont – double v/lambda-shaped; generally slicing and shearing

Question 52

# Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns Lophodont Loxodont Peg Prismatic

Answer 52

Lophodont – elongated, looped cross ridges; grinding Loxodont – lophodont teeth with more regular washboard-like lophs; grinding Peg – small, short conical teeth with weak or no enamel; grasping Prismatic – lophodont teeth with zig-zagged, triangular shape; grinding and shearing

Question 53

# Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns Secodont Selenodont Tritubercular Zalambdodont

Answer 53

Secodont – thick base, bladelike cusps; cutting, shearing, crushing; see carnassial Selenodont – crescent moon-shaped lophs; grinding Tritubercular – 3 sharp peaked cusps; grasping, holding, crushing Zalambdodont – v or lambda-shaped; generally slicing and shearing

Question 54

What are the 4 main types of teeth? How are they labled on a dental diagram?

Answer 54

Question 55

Describe the tritubercular teeth (2 types) of most insectivores like shrews and moles (height, # cusps, shape)(use proper terminology)

Answer 55

Question 56

Describe lophodont teeth (cusps, function, what types of animals have them, height, term for a specific modification)

Answer 56

Question 57

Describe the prismatic teeth of some rodents like Arvicolinae (voles, lemmings, muskrats) type, cusp/loph shape, height, crown shape, function (use proper terminology)

Answer 57

Question 58

Describe selenodont teeth (cusp shape, nickname, found in what animals)

Answer 58

Question 59

Describe cuspidate teeth (cusps, height, animals, functions)

Answer 59

Question 60

Describe the cheek teeth of omnivores (height, cusps, functions)(use proper terms)

Answer 60

Question 61

Describe sectorial/secodont teeth. Describe carnassial teeth. Who has them, where are they located, what's their function?

Answer 61

Question 62

# Match the terms to their location axis sternum pubis metacarpals calcaneus

Answer 62

Question 63

# Match the terms to their location phalanges ulna ischium thoracic vertebrae scapula

Answer 63

Question 64

# Match the terms to their location cranium ilium lumbar vertebrae humerus carpals

Answer 64

Question 65

# Match the terms to their location sacral vertebrae femur radius metatarsals olecranon

Answer 65

Question 66

# Match the terms to their location patella caudal vertebrae mandible ribs fibula

Answer 66

Question 67

# Match the terms to their location tibia tarsals cervical vertebrae atlas

Answer 67