Lab Exam 1 - Skulls, Skeletons, Dentition Flashcards by Nick Harpe

What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
Does it have any other specialized teeth?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

3-toed sloth

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

9-banded armadillo

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

Aardvark
Peg-like teeth
Insectivore/browser

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
Identify as many plates/features as you can.

Coyote
Mesocarnivore but will eat plants
Carnassial cheek teeth

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

white-tailed deer

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

elk

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?
What feature is prominent in the cross section photo?

turbinates are present in cross section

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

wild boar

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What animal is this?
What type of cheek teeth does it have? What about the teeth makes them this?
What is its diet?

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what species are each of these claws?

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what species is this antler?

caribou

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common name
subclass
order
diet

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what species are these antlers?

elk

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what type of head ornaments are these? what species is each one?

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subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet

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subclass
order
family
common species name
diet

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subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet

subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet

subclass
infraclass
order
family
common species name
diet

subclass
infraclass
order
family
species (common and latin)
diet

what is this and what type of head ornaments does it have

white-tailed deer, antlers

What two main parts make up the skull?

Upper cranium (including braincase)
Mandible (lower jaw) (dentary)

Match the terms with their position on the skull

alisphenoid bone
alisphenoid canal
auditory bulla (tympanic bone)
basioccipital
basisphenoid

alisphenoid bone - 1
alisphenoid canal - 2
auditory bulla (tympanic bone) - 3
basioccipital - 4
basisphenoid - 5

Match the terms with their position on the skull

external auditory meatus
foramen magnum
frontal
infraorbital foramen
jugal

external auditory meatus - 6
foramen magnum - 7
frontal - 8
infraorbital foramen - 9
jugal - 10

Match the terms with their position on the skull

lacrimal
mandibular fossa
maxilla
nasal bone
occipital bone

lacrimal - 11
mandibular fossa - 12
maxilla - 13
nasal bone - 14
occipital bone - 15

Match the terms with their position on the skull

occipital condyle
orbit
orbitosphenoid
palatal (=incisive) foramen
palatine

occipital condyle - 16
orbit - 17
orbitosphenoid - 18
palatal (=incisive) foramen - 19
palatine - 20

Match the terms with their position on the skull

parietal
paroccipital process
postorbital process (of the frontal)
premaxilla, palatal branch
premaxilla, nasal branch

parietal - 21
paroccipital process - 22
postorbital process (of the frontal) - 23
premaxilla, palatal branch - 24
premaxilla, nasal branch - 25

Match the terms with their position on the skull

presphenoid
pterygoid
sagittal crest
squamosal
temporal fossa

presphenoid - 26
pterygoid - 27
sagittal crest - 28
squamosal - 29
temporal fossa - 30

Match the terms with their position on the skull

temporal ridge
vomer
zygomatic process of squamosal
zygomatic process of maxilla
angular process

temporal ridge - 31
vomer - 32
zygomatic process of squamosal - 33
zygomatic process of maxilla - 34
angular process - 35

Match the terms with their position on the skull

coronoid process
mandibular condyle
masseteric fossa
body
ramus

coronoid process - 36
mandibular condyle - 37
masseteric fossa - 38
body - 39
ramus - 40

Define these terms associated with relative positioning of features

Anterior vs. Posterior
Dorsal vs. Ventral
Medial vs. Lateral
Proximal vs. Distal
Buccal
Labial
Lingual

Anterior – referring to something in front of x vs. Posterior – referring to something behind x
Dorsal – above x/top of surface vs. Ventral – below x/bottom of surface
Medial – towards the middle/midline vs. Lateral – towards the outside
Proximal – close to/towards the body vs. Distal – distant to/away from the body

Buccal – referring to the side closest/adjacent to the cheek
Labial – referring to the side closest/adjacent to lips
Lingual – referring to the side closest/adjacent to tongue

Define these 5 general skull terms

Bulla
Crest
Condyle
Foramen
Fossa

Bulla – bulbous bony prominence often housing important structures like ear

Crest - narrow, prominent ridge

Condyle – smooth, rounded projection that allows articulation with another bone

Foramen – hole in a bone that nerves, blood vessels, or muscles pass through

Fossa – shallow depression on bone surface

Define these 5 general skull terms

Line
Meatus
Plates
Process
Ramus

Line – narrow raised ridge

Meatus – small tubular opening

Plates – sometimes used to describe flatter, thinner bones

Process – small projection or bump

Ramus – branch or arm of a bone

Define these 5 general skull terms

Septum
Suture
Symphysis
Turbinates
Trochanter

Septum – bony “fence” that separates 2 regions

Suture – line where bone plates fuse typically during adulthood

Symphysis – cartilaginous junction between 2 bones

Turbinates – numerous, thin bones in nasal passage that increase surface area

Trochanter – large rounded projection for muscle attachment

Define these 5 dental terms

Homodonty
Heterodonty
Monophydonty
Diphydonty
Polyphydonty

Homodonty – all teeth look alike
Heterdonty – teeth vary in shape and size
Monophydonty – 1 set of teeth
Diphydonty – 2 set of teeth
Polyphydonty – 2+ sets of teeth

Define these 5 dental terms

Canines
Caniniform
Carnassial
Cheek Teeth
Cranium

Canines – if present, immediately posterior to incisors; anchored in maxilla

Caniniform – resembling typical canine

Carnassial – secodont teeth formed by fourth upper premolar and 1st lower molar

Cheek Teeth – if present, the premolars and molars immediately posterior to canines

Cranium – top part of skull, but sometimes used to describe the braincase

Define these 5 dental terms

Crown
Cusp
Dentary/Mandible
Dentin
Diastema

Crown –top surface of tooth, various shapes and patterns, usually covered in enamel

Cusp – raised area on the crown of a tooth (mountaintop)

Dentary/Mandible ¬– lower, moveable part of the skull used for feeding

Dentin – tooth layer between crown and root, softer than enamel; may be exposed

Diastema – space/gap between the incisors and cheek teeth. Often canine missing

Define these 5 dental terms

Incisors
Incisiform
Occlusal surface
Loph
Molar

Incisors – front grasping teeth anchored in premaxilla and dentary

Incisiform – resembling typical incisor

Occlusal Surface – where teeth fit together/make main contact w/ food

Loph – ridgelines that connect tooth cusps or that otherwise are raised areas of contact

Molar – most posterior cheek teeth, various shapes and occlusal surfaces; anchored in maxilla
and dentary

Define these 6 dental terms

Molariform
Premolar
Quadrate
Root
Tribosphenic
Tusk

Molariform - resembling typical molar

Premolar – teeth between canine and molars anchored in maxilla and dentary

Quadrate – having squre-like shape w/ 4 cusps
Root – the subsurface (below gumline) portion of tooth that anchors it into bone and contains
vascularized and innervated pulp; rooted (one or more) or rootless (ever-growing)

Tribosphenic – having 3 cusps; considered the oldest crown general pattern

Tusk – tooth disproportionally larger than others that prominently protrudes from mouth

Define

Brachydont
Hypsodont
Describe function and development of these types of teeth

Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns

Bunodont
Conical
Cuspidate
Dilambdodont

Bunodont – usually quadrate, blunt-crowned; crushing and grinding

Conical – resembling a cone; grasping

Cuspidate – sharp yet broad-cusped; crushing, slicing, grinding

Dilambdodont – double v/lambda-shaped; generally slicing and shearing

Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns

Lophodont
Loxodont
Peg
Prismatic

Lophodont – elongated, looped cross ridges; grinding

Loxodont – lophodont teeth with more regular washboard-like lophs; grinding

Peg – small, short conical teeth with weak or no enamel; grasping

Prismatic – lophodont teeth with zig-zagged, triangular shape; grinding and shearing

Describe these 4 cheek teeth patterns

Secodont
Selenodont
Tritubercular
Zalambdodont

Secodont – thick base, bladelike cusps; cutting, shearing, crushing; see carnassial

Selenodont – crescent moon-shaped lophs; grinding

Tritubercular – 3 sharp peaked cusps; grasping, holding, crushing

Zalambdodont – v or lambda-shaped; generally slicing and shearing

What are the 4 main types of teeth?
How are they labled on a dental diagram?

Describe the tritubercular teeth (2 types) of most insectivores like shrews and moles (height, # cusps, shape)(use proper terminology)

Describe lophodont teeth (cusps, function, what types of animals have them, height, term for a specific modification)

Describe the prismatic teeth of some rodents like Arvicolinae (voles, lemmings, muskrats)
type, cusp/loph shape, height, crown shape, function (use proper terminology)