Lab Exam 3 Flashcards by Nick Harpe

Common name, Order, Family, diet, dentition/mandible, conservation

Pangolin
Order: Pholidota
Family: Manidae
diet: myrmecophagous
lacks teeth, reduced mandible
IUCN Critically Endangered (poaching/trafficking)

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Bat skeleton parts

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Big Brown Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus fuscus
ID: Large (>100mm), brown, black muzzle, blunt tragus

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Eastern Red Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Lasiurus borealis
ID: reddish-orange to yellowish-brown, white-tipped hair esp. near neck, small pointed tragus, furry tail, large

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Evening Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Nycticeius humeralis
ID: small, dull light brown, blunt tragus curved inward, rounded ears w/ few hairs darker than fur, blackish wings

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Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet

Fruit Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae (Flying Foxes)
ID: very large w/ huge orbits
frugivorous

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Gray Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis grisescens
ID: gray fur, or brownish fur that appears to be graying, wing membrane attached at ankle, pointed tragus
Federally Endangered

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Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet, special adaptation, range

Hammerhead bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae (Flying Foxes)
ID: large, tall rostrum
frugivorous
special nasal resonators to signal other bats
subsaharan African forests

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Hoary Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Lasiurus cinereus
ID: large (>120mm), black-edged ears, frosted back w/ patches of tan-yellow, yellow throat and cheeks

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Order, Family, ID features, range, disease risk

Horseshoe Bat family
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Rhinolophidae
ID: tiny
SE Asia
Carries many viruses including SARS-COV-2

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Indiana Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis sodalis
ID: small, brown to grayish dull fur, dark brown wing membrane attached along foot
Federally Endangered
highly social, clusters in caves (like Carter Caves in KY)

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Mexican free-tailed bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Molossidae
Tadarida brasiliensis
ID: tail extends way past uropatagium, heavily braced forearms
rare in KY

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Order, Family, ID features, range

New World leaf-nosed bats
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Phyllostomidae
ID: tiny skull, reduced dentition w/ puncturing teeth
Central & South America

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Northern long-eared bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis septentrionalis
ID: ear 16-19mm long (extends beyon nose when flat), pointed tragus, wing attached along foot, small-medium body size

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Rafinesque’s big-eared bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Corynorhinus rafinesquii
ID: ears >25mm, lumps flanking the muzzle, bicolor fur, toe hairs very long (beyond tips)

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Silver-haired bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Lasionycteris noctivagans
ID: medium-large, blackish-brown with frosted back and reddish ear base

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Southeastern bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Myotis austroriparius
ID: medium sized, ears with rounded tips, dull brown back w/ tinges of yellow, yellow-brown belly w/ white tips

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Tricolored bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Perimyotis subflavus
ID: small size, tricolored fur on back, black wings w/ reddish joints and forearms, often have condensation on fur, pointed tragus

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Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species (scientific name), ID features

Virginia Big-eared Bat
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus
ID: ears <= 20mm, lumpless muzzle, toe hairs do not extend past toe tips, fur not distinctly bi-colored

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Common name, Order, Family, diet, ID features

Aardwolf
Order: Carnivora
Family: Hyaenidae
myrmecophagous

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Common name, Order, Family, ID features

American Lion
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
largest cat ever

Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat/range

Bobcat
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Lynx rufus
habitat generalist
most of U.S.

ID the parts

cat skeleton

Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat/range

Cougar/mountain lion
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Puma concolor
habitat generalist
most widely distributed cat of the Americas

# Traits common to all felids: tracks/prints dentition skull features

tracks: claws retracted (not visible), middle 2 toes asymmetrical reduced, hypercarnivorous dentition short face, large orbits sharp orbital processes

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

House cat Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Felis domestricus

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range

Jaguar Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Panthera onca largest American cat southern U.S.-S. America tropical/subtropical

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features, range

Jaguarundi Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae subtropical small cat smooth uniform pelage small head-body ratio, flatter skull than ocelot

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features, range

Ocelot Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae subtropical small cat spotted pelage skull not as flat as jaguarundi

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features

Siberian tiger Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae largest extant cat

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range

Lynx or Canada lynx Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Lynx canadensis snow specialist, primary prey is snowshoe hare northern U.S. and Canada

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features, range

Meerkat Order: Carnivora Family: Herpestidae (mongooses) Africa multi-functional cusps for variety of prey bulbous head w/ closed orbits

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet

Striped Hyaena Order: Carnivora Family: Hyaenidae hypercarnivorous, bone crushing

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet

African Wild Dog Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae more carnivorous skull than most canids most efficient canid hunter (coordinated pack hunting)

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range, diet

American Badger Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Taxidea taxus powerful digger rodent predator wester 2/3 of U.S./Canada

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features, diet, range

Bat-eared fox Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae African myrmecophagous dentition

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, diet

American Black Bear Order: Carnivora Family: Ursidae Ursus americanus omnivorous dentition sharply recurved claws for climbing (griz has huge digging claws)

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range, status

Black-footed ferret Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Mustela nigripes central U.S./Canada critically endangered (prairie dog hunting)

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features

Coati Order: Carnivora Family: Procyonidae ringed tails 40 teeth

# Common name, Order, Family, ID features

Ringtail Cat Order: Carnivora Family: Procyonidae ringed tails 40 teeth

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Raccoon Order: Carnivora Family: Procyonidae Procyon lotor ringed tails 40 teeth

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat

Coyote/barking dog Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Canis latrans typical canid mesocarnivorous skull narrower rostrum/weaker bite than wolves habitat generalist

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Gray Fox Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Urocyon cinereoargenteus pepper gray back, reddish cheeks/flanks/sides, white throat u-shaped ridges on top of skull

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Red Fox Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Vulpes vulpes red pelage white belly w/ black feet/ears v-shaped ridges on top of skull

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Gray Wolf Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Canis lupus largest canid typical canid mesocarnivorous skull

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Least Weasel Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Mustela nivalis 5-7" total length, short tail world's smallest carnivore

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Long-tailed Weasel Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Mustela frenata 12-15" total length, long tail

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Mink Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Mustela vison >18" total length chocolate brown upper molar rotated 90°

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, habitat, diet

River Otter Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Lontra canadensis 10-20 lbs semi-aquatic fish/crayfish

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features

Spotted Skunk (small) - Spilogale putorius Striped Skunk (larger) - Mephitis mephitis Order: Carnivora Family: Mephitidae aposematic coloration

# Common name, Order, Family, Genus/species, ID features, range

Wolverine Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Gulo gulo 50-70lb, largest mustelid N.A. and Eurasia Solitary wide-ranging predator (huge home range)