Primates Flashcards
Primates
“meaning”
Oldest molecular and fossil evidence?
Arose from what feeding guild and trended toward what?
Size range
Key anatomical features: orbital config, vision, snout/olfaction, teeth, brain (size, emphasized senses), hands/feet (nails/claws, digits, tips), shoulder config, gestation/sexual maturity/lifespan, male reproductive config
Primates
name of oldest fossil?
location of this fossil?
YA = MYA
Primates
Differentiate between the Prosimians (3) and Simians(7) phylogenetically
Primates
Suborder of lemurs and lorisids (“meaning”)
Features:
rostrum
olfactory adaptations (special organ, wet/dry, nasal prominences/nostrils)
post-orbital plate
brain size relative to other primates suborder
placenta type
uterus config
special eye part
unique incisor adaptation
vitamin C
Primates
Suborder of tarsiers, simians/higher primates (“meaning”)
Features:
rostrum
wet/dry
post-orbital plate
special eye part
placenta type
uterus config
brain size compared to other primate suborder
vitamin C
2 Parvorders included
Describe the Fovea centralis
what is it
2 main components, what each does
stabalization
% of overall organ, % of dedicated area in brain
filtering function (withing degree range of sensory field)
What is a placenta?
Describe each type:
Epitheliochorial
Endotheliochorial (+ which suborder)
Hemochorial (+ which suborder)
Lemurs
Order and suborder
(“meaning”)
geographic origin/time period, then rafted to where?
size range
diet(s), digestive tract, metabolism
communications, social system
special claw adaptation and special incisor adaptation, purpose of both
tails, hindlimbs, special gland locations, digit configuration
conservation status and causes
special food acquisition technique by Aye-aye
Order: Primates
Lorisids
Order and suborder
(“meaning”)
Features:
eyes, day/night, lifestyle
index finger/tail
diet(s)
4 groups:
name them
which one has venom and is slow? describe the venom
where is each group located?
how many species in each group?
Order: Primates
Tarsiers
Order and suborder
(“meaning”)
Range/habitat
diet (what is unique about this)
size, day/night, eyes (size, features), hearing/prey detecton, special communication
rear limbs, claws
conservation status and cause
Ignore picture of hand
Order: Primates
new world monkeys
Order, suborder, parvorder (“meaning”)
range and how/when they got there
diet(s)
size range, nasal septum
tails/thumbs
extra teeth (which one)
vision type (1 exception)
common names of 6 groups included
Order: Primates
old world monkeys
Order, suborder, parvorder (“meaning”)
range
size range, sexual dimorphism
tails, thumbs
vision type, nasal septum
num. of premolars, posture adaptations
female heat indication
3 families included
Order: Primates
Old World monkeys of Southern Asia
Order, Suborder, Parvorder, Family
brain case, rostrum
thumbs/dimorphism
diet, social behavior
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Gibbons
Order, Suborder, Parvorder, Family (“meaning”)
range
size
unique body config
locomotion
thumb
tail
vocalization
pair bonding/social groups
conservation status and cause
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Greater apes
Order, Suborder, Parvorder, Family
4 Genus included
geographic origins/time
size range, tail, diet, locomotion, braincase, intelligence/dexterity/thumbs
dimorphism
dental formula
gestation/litter size/development time to sexual maturity/life span
range of social structures
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Orangutans
Order, Suborder, Parvorder, Family, Genus (“meaning”)
time of phylogenetic branching
range, lifespan
lifestyle, body configuration
pelage
weight/dimorphism
social behavior, nest location
diet(s)
intelligence, thumb, culture
zoo
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Family: Hominidae
Gorillas
Order, Suborder, Parvorder, Family, Genus (“meaning”)
time of phylogenetic branching, habitat
which 2 species included (common name)
weight range m/f
pelage (desc., diff. betw. species), skull shape (m/f)
mandible description
locomotion, diet, nest location
intelligence
social structure/culture/emotion
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Family: Hominidae
Chimpanzee and Bonobo
Order, Suborder, Parvorder, Family, Genus
which is larger? size range for each, lifespan
geographic range
intelligence/emotions, lifestyle, locomotion
bonobo social structure, social interaction style, sexual behavior, aggressiveness
chimpanzee social structure, dispersal, aggressiveness
bonobos diet(s) and ecosystem role
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
Match these to the pics
Gibbon
Human
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
Orangutan
Macaque
modern humans
Order, Suborder, Parvorder, Family, Genus
brain/intelligence/special brain region
mouth size/olfaction
locomotion/body mass distribution
social structures
sexual behavior, female heat indication
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrhini
Parvorder: Catarrhini
What are 4 possible advantages to concealed ovulation?
What are 3 selective pressures that constrain birth canal/neonatal head size?
