Lab exam #2 Flashcards
1
Q
When the valves stiffen, this is called ____
A
stenosis
2
Q
“Maximum amount of air that can be moved in the lungs in the largest breath”
A
Vital capacity
3
Q
What is the average resting heart rate?
A
75bpm
4
Q
If your blood type is O+, which antibody(s) is present?
A
αA and αB
5
Q
If you have the antibody B floating in your plasma, what blood type are you? (ignore Rh factor)
A
A
6
Q
“Amount of air that cannot be forced from the lungs”
A
Residual volume
7
Q
What does E encompass?
A
E encompasses the IRV, TV, and ERV, which is Vital Capacity.
8
Q
If your blood type is B+, which antibody(is) is present?
A
αA
9
Q
What is the most common blood type?
A
(in the world: A +) (In USA: O-) (need to ask prof. which one he meant)
10
Q
People that are hypo-reactive will….
A
Maintain a relatively stable Bp in cold…neither sys/dia will go above baseline by more than 22mmhg
11
Q
Apical pulse pressure is taken…
A
Taken at the heart (count the number of Lub-dups)
12
Q
In pregnancy, why does the αRh diffuse and not the αA or αB?
A
Because the Rh molecules are smaller
13
Q
Name the two tools used to measure BP
A
Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
14
Q
How do you find pulse pressure?
A
Systolic minus diastole
15
Q
___ = TV + IRV + ERV
A
VC (vital capacity)
16
Q
Your blood type is determined by ______, but decided by_______
A
determined by antigens, but decided by genetics
17
Q
What are the three primary predictors of vital capacity?
A
Height, age, and gender
18
Q
blood antigens are a type of ______
A
glycoprotein
19
Q
What is floating in your plasma, antigens or antibody’s?
A
Antibody’s
20
Q
“Volume of air inhaled or exhaled at rest” this describes…..
A
Tidal volume
21
Q
What is the average TV at?
A
.500L
22
Q
Isovolumetric relaxation occurs when the ____ valves close
A
Sl
23
Q
In the lab, what’s one way to determine blood type?
A
The technician will use antibodies on the patient’s blood to see what agglutinates.
24
Q
If your blood type is AB-, list all the antigens and alphas
A
Antigen: A and B Antibody: αRh
25
The Lub sound you hear occurs when ____ valves close
AV
26
What does C indicate?
C indicates TV + IRV which equals the inspiratory capacity.
27
What does it mean to auscultate?
To hear and listen to the heart valves opening and closing
28
Blood type youtube video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfZhb6lmxjk
29
What does the residual volume prevent?
Prevents the lungs from collapsing
30
If your blood type is O-, which antibody(s) is present?
αA, αB, and αRh
31
If your blood type is B-, which antibody(s) is present?
αA and αRh
32
If your blood type is positive which Rh factor do you have?
The Rh antigen
33
"volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled beyond tidal volume"
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
34
Why can O- people only receive blood from O-?
Because all other blood types have an antigen attached to their blood cells. O- has αA, αB, and αRh, which means any other blood type given would cause O- 's antibodies to attach and destroy the antigens it was just given. O- has no antigens, so the donor can only be another O-
35
What is the equation for finding MAP?
MAP = 2/3(DIA) + 1/3 (SIA)
36
How do you prevent hemolytic disease of newborns?
Mom receives an injection that binds to the antigens of the fetus so the mom's antibodies cannot attach.
37
Atherosclerosis is the build up of _____ on the walls, leading to the stiffening of the arteries which is called \_\_\_\_\_\_
plaque; arteriosclerosis
38
A positive or negative blood type indicates the presence or absence of what on the red blood cell?
The Rh antigen
39
the suffix "itis" indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
inflammation
40
Chronic high blood pressure can lead to \_\_\_\_\_\_
atherosclerosis
41
You listen at the ____ intercostal space to hear the AV valves
5th
42
What does pulse deficit indicate?
Indicates something is wrong with the heart or cardio system
43
When measuring bp, how do you find your systolic measurement?
After you occlude the artery, slowly start to deflate the cuff. When you hear the first korotkoff sound, look at the sphygmomanometer. The number with the first sound is your systolic.
44
Make sure measurements are with 3 decimal places...
(-:
45
What are the secondary factors that can predict VC?
Pulmonary diseases, fitness level, and the quality of the air
46
Remember to always write your ______ after the answer or he'll mark it wrong
measurement (mmhg, bpm, etc.)
47
Assume that RV is \_\_\_\_\_L
1.00L
48
Calculate the MAP for 120/90
100mmhg
49
500mL = ___ L
.500L
50
\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure happens when the elastic arteries recoil
Diastolic
51
What is arteriosclerosis
the thickening and hardening of arterial walls
52
Calculate the MAP for 135/95
108.3mmhg
53
How many blood types are there?
8
54
What is MVV?
Maximal Voluntary Volume
55
chronic restrictive diseases are due to what?
Due to decreased lung elasticity and/or impaired respiratory muscles
56
Which intercostal space do you listen at to hear the AV valves?
5th
57
\_\_\_\_\_\_: the difficulty to exhale due to increased resistance in airway
COPD
58
Another youtube video on blood types
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aQ21iwx9cA
59
What would cause the hemolytic disease of a newborn child?
If the mother has a negative blood type, this means she carries the αRh. If the fetus in the womb happens to have a positive blood type, this means they have the Rh antigen. Mom's αRh will diffuse into the placenta and be absorbed into the fetus' body, and attach to the child's Rh antigen, marking them for destruction and causing anemia.
60
Blood type incompatibility causes what?
Massive release of hemoglobin and iron into the blood stream, which can cause renal failure
61
If your blood type is A+, list all the antigens and alpha's in the body.
Antigens: A and Rh. Antibody: αB
62
\_\_\_\_\_ pressure is the pressure during the ventricular ejection
Systolic
63
The Dup sound occurs when you hear ___ valves close
SL
64
You listen at the ___ intercostal space to hear the SL valves
2nd
65
What is pulse deficit?
A large difference between apical and superficial Pulse pressures. Defined when apical is faster due to the elastic arteries being closer to the heart
66
If your blood type is AB+, list all the antigens and alphas
Antigen: A, B, and Rh Antibody: zero
67
If you have the antigen A on your RBC's.....what blood type are you? (ignore Rh factor)
A
68
Which valve is on the left side of the of the 2nd intercostal space and which one is on the right side of the 2nd intercostal space?
Pulmonary is on the left; aortic on the right
69
Blood type is determined by the blood \_\_\_\_\_
antigen
70
For measuring BP, inflate the cuff to ______ mmhg to occlude the _______ artery
160 mmhg / brachial artery
71
What does A indicate?
Tidal Volume
72
The Rh antigen is named after the _____ monkey
Rhesus
73
When measuring bp, how do you find your diastolic measurement?
After you hear your first korotkoff sound, keep slowly deflating until you no longer hear the sounds. The last korotkoff sound is your diastolic measure.
74
What is pulse pressure?
The numeric difference between your systolic and diastolic measurement
75
Tip for remembering antigen/antibody
use/say "α" or "alpha" when using antibody. Instead of constantly saying antibody and antigen together, using alpha will create less confusion. Example: "Blood type B has the antigen B and the α-A (reads as "alpha A")
76
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is any foreign molecule that provokes an immune response
antigen
77
O is a ______ gene, while A and B are _______ genes
recessive; dominant
78
What is the average diastolic pressure?
80mmhg
79
Blood type is a ____ antigen
self
80
What is the average pulse pressure?
40mmhg
81
Who is the universal donor and why?
O- because their blood cells have no antigens on them, the receivers antibody's have nothing to attach to.
82
\_\_ = ERV + RV
FRC (Functional residual capacity)
83
If the patient is hypertensive, inflate the cuff high than 160 mmhg. T or F?
True
84
Who is the universal receiver and why?
AB+ because their plasma lacks any antibody's that would attach to the donors blood
85
\_\_\_ = TV + IRV
IC (Inspiratory Capacity)
86
Emphysema and bronchitis are are ca-tigories of \_\_\_\_\_\_
COPD
87
If you hear a whooshing sound when listening to a patient's heart, what is that indicative of?
Incompetent valves: the sound you hear is the blood rushing backwards due to the valve not closing properly.
88
Treatment of blood type incompatibility?
Antihistamines reduce inflammation, and drugs to increase BP.
89
In Blood type testing, why would 3 drops of A+ blood agglutinate with 3 drops of a solution containing αA
Because A+ has Antigen A, mixing it with a solution containing αA would cause the αA to bind to the specific A antigen.
90
What does F encompass?
F encompasses the IRV, TV, ERV, and RV. This is Total Lung Capacity.
91
What does D indicate?
D indicates Functional Residual Volume, which is the RV and ERV added.
92
"volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond the tidal wave"
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
93
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
94
People that are hyper-reactive will...
Will have increased values of either sys or dia by \< or = to 23mmhg
95
Pulmonary fibrosis and muscular dystrophy can be caused by----
chronic restrictive diseases
96
What does B indicate? What is important to remember?
B indicates the residual volume. It is important to remember that the lungs can collapse if we didn't have a residual volume of air we were unable to exhale
97
The ____ valve, at the apex of the heart, closes slightly before the _____ valve
Mitral valve closes slightly before the tricuspid valve
98
Lub-Dub or Lub Dup?
Dup
99
If he asks a trick question about COPD, remember that even though COPD is characterized by the difficulty to exhale, people describe it/it feels like it is hard to inhale and "catch" your breath due to inflammation
(-:
100
\_\_\_ = TV + ERV
EC (Expiratory Capacity)
101
What is the average systolic pressure?
120mmhg
102
The difficulty to inhale is under the category......
Chronic restrictive diseases
103
What are the two types of pulse pressure?
Apical and superficial
104
What is the theory for measuring blood pressure?
Blood moving through a partially closed vessel makes a soft tapping sound which is called korotkoff. Korotkoff sounds indicate the resumption of blood flow back into the forearm
105
Superficial pulse pressure is taken...
Taken in the peripheral arteries
106
"maximum amount of air in lungs after a normal expiration"
Expiratory capacity
107
"Amount of air in lugs after a normal expiration"
Functional residual capacity
108
What is FEV?
Forced expiratory volume
109
If you hear a high pitched screech or clicking sound when listening to a patients heart, what is that indicative of?
Stenosis; caused by the hardening/stiffening of valves
110
COPD is the difficulty to _____ while CRD is the difficulty to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
exhale; inhale
111
What are symptoms of blood type incompatibility?
Fever, chills, red or pink urine, and renal failure
112
The average TLC in men is ____ and ____ in women
~6.0L in men and ~5.5L in women (He wrote 6.0L on the board but double check if he wants 6.0L or 6.000L on the test...same with 5.5 or 5.500L for women)
113
Isovolumetric contraction occurs when the ___ valves close
AV
114
Besides a stethoscope, you also need a _______ to measure BP. (Misspelling = docked points)
Sphygmomanometer
115
\_\_\_\_ = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
TLC (Total Lung Capacity)
116
"The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled at the end of a normal exhale"
Inspiratory capacity
117
The main bronchus is the first branch off of the \_\_\_\_\_\_
Trachea
118
The right lung has ____ lobes divided by ____ fissures
three lobes; two fissures
119
The left lung has ___ lobes divided by ____ fissure
Two lobes; one fissure
120
What are the lobes of the left lung called?
Superior lobe and the inferior lobe
121
What is the fissure of the left lung called?
Oblique fissure
122
What are three lobes of the right lung called, in order from top to bottom
Superior, Middle, and inferior
123
What are the two fissures of the right lung called?
Horizontal fissure and oblique fissure (Horizontal one is superior to oblique
124
Which are bigger, lobar or segmental bronchi?
Lobar...segmental are the tertiary
