Lab exam #3 Flashcards
1
Q
A
Epididymis
2
Q
A
Prostate
3
Q
A
External urethral orifice
4
Q
A
Anus
5
Q
A
Cervix
6
Q
A
Membranous urethra
7
Q
A
Fundus
8
Q
A
9
Q
A
Prostate
10
Q
A
Prostatic urethra
11
Q
A
Scrotum
12
Q
A
Seminal vesicle
13
Q
A
Clitoris
14
Q
A
Uterine tube
15
Q
A
Spermatic cord
16
Q
A
Posterior fornix
17
Q
A
Spongy urethra
18
Q
A
Testes
19
Q
A
Epididymis
20
Q
A
Urethra
21
Q
A
Bulb of penis
22
Q
A
Prostate
23
Q
A
Urethral orifice
24
Q
A
Fundus
25
Clitoris
26
Prostatic urethra
27
Labia minor
28
Body of uterus
29
Corpus cavernosum
30
Extenal OS
31
Vagina
32
Spongy urethra
33
Corpus spongiosum
34
Clitoris
35
Ductus deferens
36
Labia majora
37
Acidified whole milk turns into curds (solid casein) with the presence of the enzyme \_\_\_\_\_\_
rennin
38
An _______ is a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical digestion of macromolecules
enzyme
39
Are enzymes lipids?
No, they are proteins
40
Big crystals are indicative of
kidney stones
41
Bilirubin dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: Negative Reason: should be processed by liver Clinical: bilirubinuria: liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction.
42
Blood dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: negative Reason: size exclusion Clinical: hematuria: massive hemolysis, bleeding in urine, and menstrual cycle, UTI, trauma,
43
Clinical: hematuria: massive hemolysis, bleeding in urine, and menstrual cycle, UTI, trauma, etc. These are possible if what is present in urine?
Blood
44
Crystals are _______ sediments
unorganized
45
Curdling separates casein from the _____ and ____ fats
carbs and fats
46
Denaturation varies with what?
Temperature, pH, and salinity
47
Dipstick test: Unfortunately, Pretty People Look Kinda Bitchy But Never Suck Guys
Urobilinogen, Protein, Ph, Leukocytes, Ketone, Blood, Bilirubin, Nitrite, Specific gravity, Glucose
48
Does the odor of urine vary?
Yes
49
Enzymes convert the _____ into \_\_\_\_\_\_
converts the substrate into products
50
Enzymes work best at the _______ pH of that specific location of the body
physiological (i.e the stomach is normally acidic so if it becomes more basic, the enzymes in the stomach won't work as well)
51
Glucose dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: negative Reason: 100% of glucose should be reabsorbed in PCT Clinical: Glycosuria = mellitus
52
H2O + Starch ---Amylase---\> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Maltose
53
How many molecules of glucose are there in maltose?
Two
54
Identify
Anterior Fornix
55
Is cellulose a disaccharide?
No, it's a polysaccharide
56
Is maltose a di or mono sugar?
Disaccharide
57
Is the shape of the enzyme critical in its ability to act as a catalyst?
Yes
58
Ketone dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: negative Reason: keton bodies are not a product of a healthy metabolism Clinical: ketonuria: only made when we metabolize fats and proteins...eating disorders, trying to lose weight, and symptoms of starvation
59
Kidney stones are also called _____ \_\_\_\_\_
renal calculi
60
Leukocytes dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: Negative Reason: filtration is based on size exclusion Clinical: UTI/ WBC's migrate...creates pyuria (pus)
61
List the four main macromolecules
Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
62
Maltose becomes glucose with which enzyme?
Maltase
63
Nitrite dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: negative Reason: bacteria present if products of microbial metabolism Clinical: UTI
64
Organized sediments are made of _____ such as WBC's, RBC's, and \_\_\_\_\_
cells; epithelial
65
Ph dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: ~6.0
66
Protein dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: negative Reason: size exclusion Clinical: proteinuria: UTI; proteins can be released to maintain osmolarity, cancer, or a false positive can be from the presence of sperm in urine
67
Specific gravity dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: 1.001-1.035 max (sea salt: 1.025 for ref.) Reason: -- Clinical: Solutes in urine increase specific gravity (Na, calcium, electrolytes)
68
The 10 _____ test is a test that tests different levels in your urine
dipstick
69
The amino acid test detects the digestion of \_\_\_\_\_\_
proteins
70
The carbohydrate is the ______ and sugar is the \_\_\_\_\_
substrate; product
71
The filtration membrane filters molecules in the blood plasma based on \_\_\_\_
size
72
The pH meter is ________ and the color change is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
quantitative and color change is qualitative
73
Urobilinogen dipstick test results, reasoning, and clinical?
Normal result: 0.1-2mg/dl (too high and too low is problematic) Reason: bilirubin broken down into urobilinogen is reabsorbed and removed by the liver and kidneys Clinical: Too high = hemolysis (bad transfusion) or sickle cell anemia. Too low: liver is low in bile
74
Use an enzyme to precipitate casein, leaving the lactose and lipids in the solution. Which enzyme do you use?
Rennin
75
What 10 things does the dipstick test for?
1. Leukocytes 2. Nitrite 3. Urobilinogen 4. Protein 5. Ph 6. Blood 7. Ketone 8. Specific gravity 9. bilirubin 10. Glucose
76
What are some examples of larger molecules that remain in the blood vessels and cannot go through the filtration membrane?
Proteins (albumin) and cells (RBC, WBC)
77
What are some size excluded molecules?
Proteins, RBCS, WBCS
78
What are the subunits of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
79
what are two examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
80
What condition occurs when we metabolize fats and proteins?
Ketonuria
81
What increases in urine with an increase of solutes?
specific gravity
82
What is centrifugation?
Spinning samples to separate/collect heavy particles
83
What is chemical digestion?
The breakdown of large food molecules into smaller subunits for absorption into the GI tract
84
What is denaturation?
Destruction of the original shape of the enzyme
85
what is size exclusion?
Refers to particles or molecules that are too large to pass through the filtration membrane
86
What is sucrose?
Table sugar
87
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and a catalytic response occurs
88
What is the chemical reaction for breaking down trigs?
Triglycerides + H2O ---Lipase---\> 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
89
What is the chemical reaction for triglycerides?
Lipids + H2O -----\> Triglycerides
90
What is the enzymatic reaction of protein with pepsin?
Casein ---Pepsin----\> amino acids (product)
91
What is the healthy range for urobilinogen?
0.1-2mg/dl (deciliter)
92
what is the main monosaccharide?
Glucose
93
What is the pH of urine?
approximately 6
94
What is the subunit for carbohydrates?
polysaccharides, sugar
95
What is the subunit for lipids?
Fatty acids
96
What is the subunit for protein?
amino acids
97
What needs to happen to the crystals in order to view them under a microscope?
They need to be stained by a reagent....they do not bind and appear reflected
98
When ninhydrin reacts with an amino group, what color does the solution change to? What needs to be present for the color to appear?
Dark purple with the presence of heat
99
Which different tests can indicate a possible UTI?
Blood, Leukocytes, Nitrite, and Protein
100
Which enzymes go with carbs
amylase
101
Which enzymes go with lipids
Lipase
102
Which enzymes go with nucleic acids
Nuclease
103
Which enzymes go with proteins
Protease
104
Which molecules are able to pass through the filtration membrane?
H2O, glucose, vitamins, electrolytes, and amino acids, and nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid
105
Which reagent do you use to perform the amino acid test?
Ninhydrin
106
Which test can indicate liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction if positive?
Bilirubin
107
Which test can indicate possible starvation if they are present in the urine?
Ketones
108
Which test indicates reabsorption issues in the PCT if the result is positive?
Glucose
109
Which type of structure do enzymes have?
3D
110
Whole milk has a complete source of \_\_\_\_\_\_
nutrients (fats, proteins, carbs)
111
Would a pH level of 5.8 in urine be abnormal?
No
112
Would a pH level of 9.1 in urine be abnormal?
yes
113
Yellow is a normal color of urine due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
urochrome
114
\_\_\_\_\_ is a clear liquid waste produced by the kidneys
Urine
115
Infundibulum
116
Ovary
117
Uterine tube
118
Infundibulum
119
Uterine tube
120
