Lab Exam 3

Question 1

What type of organization do sponges have?

Answer 1

Cellular-level

Question 2

What term describes how sponges get their food?

Answer 2

Filter-feeder

Question 3

Where does water enter the sponge?

Answer 3

Ostia

Question 4

What type of sponge cell has flagella that keeps water moving and captures food particles?

Answer 4

Choanocytes

Question 5

What type of symmetry do sponges have?

Answer 5

None!

Question 6

What sponge life stages are mobile and sessile?

Answer 6

Adults are sessile and larvae are mobile

Question 7

Where does water exit the sponge?

Answer 7

Osculum

Question 8

What structures make up the skeleton of the sponge?

Answer 8

Spicules

Question 9

What types of asexual reproduction occur in sponges?

Answer 9

Budding, fragmentation, or by forming gemmules (clusters of amoebocytes enclosed in hard shells)

Question 10

What structure is created by sponges to survive adverse conditions?

Answer 10

Amoebocytes

Question 11

What do hydras (cnidaria) usually eat?

Answer 11

Small invertebrates

Question 12

What characteristics make a hydra an animal?

Answer 12

Multicellular, tissue organization, are heterotrophs

Question 13

What type of symmetry do hydra have and what level of organization?

Answer 13

Radial and tissue-level

Question 14

What two body forms do cnidarians have?

Answer 14

Medusae and polyps

Question 15

How many embryonic tissue layers do cnidarians have?

Answer 15

Two, so diploblastic

Question 16

What are the inner and outer layers of cnidarians called?

Answer 16

The gastrodermis and epidermis

Question 17

What is the jelly-like matrix in the middle of cnidarians?

Answer 17

Mesoglea

Question 18

What cnidarian structure is involved in feeding/digestion?

Answer 18

The gastrovascular cavity

Question 19

What symmetry do flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have?

Answer 19

Bilateral

Question 20

What two groups of flatworms are parasitic?

Answer 20

Clonorchis and Fasciola

Question 21

What group of flatworms are free-living?

Answer 21

Turbellaria

Question 22

How does the planaria move? (Platyhelminthes)

Answer 22

With the ciliated epidermis

Question 23

What two types of sensory organs do planarians have?

Answer 23

Nervous and digestive

Question 24

The pointed lobes on the side of planarians’ heads are called?

Answer 24

Auricles

Question 25

What class are the tapeworms in?

Answer 25

Trematoda

Question 26

The head of a tapeworm is called ____?

Answer 26

A scolex, the scolex has hooks and suckers to attach itself to a host and feed

Question 27

What are the segments of a tapeworm called?

Answer 27

Proglottid

Question 28

The mature tapeworm segments that are ready to be shed are?

Answer 28

Gravid

Question 29

Nematodes

Answer 29

Body covered in cuticle. Species: Ascaris lumbricoides.

Question 30

Molluscs

Answer 30

Fleshy mantle that makes the shell, muscular foot, complete gut, highly developed eye in some

Question 31

Bivalvia

Answer 31

Mollusc class including mussels, clams, oysters, and scallops

Question 32

Gastropoda 5

Answer 32

Mollusc class including snails, slugs, conch, whelk, limpets

Question 33

Cephalopoda 4

Answer 33

Mollusc class including squid, octopus, cuttlefish, and nautiluses

Question 34

Polyplacophora

Answer 34

Mollusc class: chitins

Question 35

Annelids defining characteristics

Answer 35

Triploblastic, bilateral, cephalized, eucoelomate (tube within a tube body plan), segments, closed circulatory system

Question 36

Annelid classes 3

Answer 36

Polychaeta (tubeworms, paddleworms, Nereis, sea mice), Oligochaeta (earthworms), and Hirundinea (leeches)

Question 37

What is the scientific name of the intestinal roundworm found in humans?

Answer 37

Acaris lumbricoides

Question 38

Is the male or female roundworm bigger?

Answer 38

Female

Question 39

Why is the Ascaris roundworm not digested in the human intestine?

Answer 39

Because the cuticle is made of collagen which is found in vertebrate connective tissue

Question 40

How does the body of the leech reflect its parasitic strategy?

Answer 40

Anterior and posterior suckers, and pouches in the digestive tract for storing blood

Question 41

How/why is segmentation a useful adaptation?

Answer 41

Identical regeneration, muscular contraction for movement, some segments have bristles, and segments can specialize

Question 42

Why isn't the earthworm highly cephalized/why no parapodia?

Answer 42

Because them bitches burrow

Question 43

Arthropod subphylums 5

Answer 43

Crustacea, Chelicerata, Hexapoda, Myriapoda, Trilobita

Question 44

Arthropod classes 7

Answer 44

Arachnida, Merostomata (horseshoe crab), Crustacea, Insecta, Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda (millipedes), Trilobita

Question 45

Arthropod body segments are fused into functional units called?

Answer 45

Tagmata

Question 46

Are arthropods proto or deuterostomes?

Answer 46

Deuterostomes

Question 47

Subphylum with 2 body regions: cephalothorax and abdomen, gill-breathing arthropods

Answer 47

Crustacea

Question 48

Breathing pores in grasshoppers are called?

Answer 48

Spiracles, located in the abdomen

Question 49

Chordate classes 6

Answer 49

Chondrichthyes (jawless fish), Osteichthyes (cartilagenous fishes, sharks etc), Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammals

Question 50

Echinoderms have what type of symmetry?

Answer 50

Five-point radial

Question 51

Four characteristics all chordates share?

Answer 51

1) Notochord, 2) Nerve cord, 3) Pharyngeal pouches, 4) Post-anal tail

Question 52

The superclass Agnatha includes?

Answer 52

Jawless fishes: lamprey and hagfishes

Question 53

Agnatha lack?

Answer 53

Jaws and paired appendages (fins)

Question 54

The most species rich class of chordates is?

Answer 54

The Ostreichthyes (ray-finned fishes)

Question 55

Sharks have a skeleton made of ____ while ray finned fish have a bone skeleton

Answer 55

Cartilage

Question 56

Ray-finned fish have a plate called ____ covering their gills

Answer 56

Operculum

Question 57

Adaptations reptiles have for land 3

Answer 57

Dry, scaly skin. Well-developed lungs. Leathery amniotic eggs.

Question 58

3 adaptations birds have for flight

Answer 58

Large, keeled breastbone. Hollow bones. Reduced organs

Question 59

Characteristics unique to mammals 4

Answer 59

Hair, milk, single jaw bone (dentary), and 3 middle-ear bones.

Question 60

Which group of mammals lay eggs?

Answer 60

Monotremes (platypus and ecidna)

Question 61

Functions of the placenta 4

Answer 61

Attachment, waste removal, gas/nutrient exchange, and immune suppressant for mom.