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EEB267 > Lab Exam - Identification > Flashcards

Lab Exam - Identification Flashcards

1
Q

Amphioxus

A
  • Oral hood with tentacles
  • Notochord extends to tip of head
  • Many pharyngeal slits
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2
Q

Ascidiacea

A

Larvae undergo metamorphosis

In larvae:

  • Notochord present
  • Tail present
  • Eye spots present
  • Fewer paired pharyngeal slits than in adult
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3
Q

Larvacea

A

Do not undergo metamorphosis

Adults resemble larvae but with a well-developed gut

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4
Q

Myxiniformes

A
  • Tongue with two rows of keratinized tooth plates
  • 1-16 gills
  • Fin-like structure running along ventral surface
  • Feeler whiskers under the mouth
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5
Q

Petromyzontiformes

A
  • Mouth has oral disc with keratinized tooth-like structures (circular)
  • 7 gills that look like holes
  • Caudal fin along post-anal tail
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6
Q

Ammocoete

A

Looks very similar to amphioxus, except:

  • Notochord does not extend to the tip of the head
  • No cilia/tentacles on oral hood
  • Post-anal tail has caudal fin
  • Only 7 gill slits

Filter feeder (adult is not!)

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7
Q

Selachii

A
  • 5-7 gills
  • Spiracle
  • Heterocercal tail
  • Relatively small pectoral fins
  • Hyostylic jaw
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8
Q

Sharks

A
  • Covered in placoid scales
  • Multiple rows of teeth within the jaw
  • Teeth embedded in gums
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9
Q

Rays & skates

A
  • Spiracle enlarged and close to eye

- Gills on ventral side of body

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10
Q

Holocephali

A
  • Gills covered by operculum
  • Long, whip-like tail
  • Large pectoral fins
  • Holostylic jaw
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11
Q

Sturgeon

A
  • Heterocercal caudal fin
  • Spines present along back and sides
  • Ventrally placed mouth
  • Ctenoid scales
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12
Q

Salmon/trout

A
  • Homocercal caudal fin
  • Mouth anteriorly placed
  • Cycloid scales
  • No spines
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13
Q

Sunfish/bass

A
  • Homocercal caudal fin
  • Spiny rays on dorsal/anal fin
  • Mouth anteriorly placed
  • Ctenoid scales
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14
Q

South American lungfish

A
  • Very thin pectoral and pelvic fins
  • Caudal fin runs along ventral and dorsal sides of tail
  • Reduced gills
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15
Q

African lungfish

A
  • Thin pectoral and pelvic fins
  • Caudal and dorsal fins fused, run along dorsal and ventral sides of tail
  • Full aestivation
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16
Q

Australian lungfish

A
  • Normal lobed pectoral and pelvic fins
  • Posterior end is a fat wedge shape
  • Caudal fin along tail
17
Q

Neotenic Caudata

A

Metamorphosis is not completed, so adult looks somewhat like larvae

  • Adult retains gills
  • Tail resembled caudal fin
18
Q

True frog

A
  • Tapered toes
  • Road pupils
  • Eyes dorsally placed
  • Smooth skin
  • No parotoid gland
  • Tympanum around same size as eye
19
Q

Treefrog

A
  • Bulbous tip of toes
  • Elliptical pupil
  • Laterally placed eyes
  • Smooth skin
  • No parotoid gland
  • Small tympanum
20
Q

Toad

A
  • Tapered toes
  • Horizontal slit pupil
  • Laterally placed eyes
  • Wart-like structures present
  • Parotoid gland present
  • Tympanum same size as eye
21
Q

Caudata

A
  • No annuli
  • Limbs may be present, reduced, or partially absent
  • Skull gracile
  • Post-anal tail present
22
Q

Anura

A
  • No annuli
  • Limbs present
  • Hindlimbs substantially larger than forelimbs
  • Skull gracile
  • Tympanum
  • Vocal sac
  • Post-anal tail absent
23
Q

Gymnophiona

A
  • Annuli present
  • Skull well ossified and fully closed
  • Post-anal tail reduced or absent
  • Eyes reduced
  • Limbs absent
  • Tentacles on face
24
Q

Rhynchocephalia

A

Look almost exactly like a lizard but does not have fully-developed hemipenes

25
Q

Chameleon

A
  • Laterally compressed body
  • Prehensile tail
  • Independently mobile eyes
  • Zygodactyl
  • Projectile tongue
26
Q

Anole

A
  • Dewlap on males
  • Well developed toe pads
  • Limited colour change (greens and browns only)
27
Q

Gecko

A
  • No temporal arches
  • Nocturnal
  • Slit pupil
  • Subdigital lamellae
  • Tubercles
  • No eyelids (they lick their eyes)
28
Q

Skink

A
  • Fish-like scales

- Tendency for limb loss and reduction

29
Q

Coral snake

A

If red and yellow bands touch, dat shit is POISON.

Colour banding also goes all the way around the body (doesn’t always in mimics)

30
Q

Lizard

A
  • External ears present
  • Eyes present
  • Limbs present
31
Q

Snake

A
  • External ears absent
  • Eyes present
  • Limbs absent
32
Q

Worm lizard

A
  • External ears absent
  • Eyes absent
  • Limbs absent
33
Q

Alligator/caiman

A
  • Lower teeth fit into pits in the upper jaw, so lower teeth are not visible when the jaw is closed
  • Snout relatively broad
34
Q

Ghavial

A
  • Long, thin snout

- Many teeth, all thin and needly

35
Q

Crocodile

A
  • Fourth tooth in lower jaw lies outside the upper jaw when mouth is closed
  • Generally, the snout is narrower than an alligator’s and wider than a ghavial
36
Q

Duck

A
  • Palmate foot
  • Strainer beak (?)
  • Sexual dimorphism present
37
Q

Eagle

A
  • Raptorial foot type
  • Meat tearing beak
  • Sexual dimorphism absent
38
Q

Crow

A
  • Ansiodactyl foot
  • Generalized beak
  • Sexual dimorphism absent
39
Q

Cormorant

A
  • Totipalmate foot
  • Hooked beak
  • Sexual dimorphism unknown

EEB267 (4 decks)

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