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Clinical DDx > Lab Findings > Flashcards

Lab Findings Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

abnormal pap

A

Trichomonas
HPV
Neoplasm

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2
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

Normal anion gap: Renal Tubular Acidosis, Diarrhea, Fistula, Hyperalimentation
Increased anion gap: Saliylate Rx, Sepsis, Ketoacidosis, Lactic acidosis, Methanol/Propylene Glycol

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3
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

CHF c Pulmonary Edema
Obesity-Hypoventilation
Neuromuscular disorders
COPD/Asthma, Pneumonia

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4
Q

adrenocortical insufficiency

A 
CORTICOSTEROID WITHDRAWAL
Infection: TB/Syphilis/HIV/Fungal
Mets: Lung, Breast, Colon
Adrenal abnormality including sepsis/thrombosis
ACTH-deficient: Pituitary disorder
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5
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism (low plasma renin)

A

Adrenal adenoma

Bilat adrenal hyperplasia

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6
Q

secondary hyperaldosteronism (high plasma renin)

A

Dehydration
CHF
Cirrhosis
Renal disease or renal artery stenosis

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7
Q

alkphos elevation

A

CHECK AST/ALT/GGT, THEN:
AST and/or ALT: Liver disease, Rx
GGT: Gallstones/GB disease
all wnl, think BONE: Paget, Osteomalacia, CA
all wnl, but not bone: Perf ulcer, Bowel infarct, Preg, Hyperparathyroidism

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8
Q

metabolic alkalosis (elevated HCO3 and PCO2)

A 
HypoK+
Diuretics
Vomiting
Cystic fibrosis
Posthypercapnia
Milk alkali syndrome
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9
Q

respiratory alkalosis (low HCO3 and PCO2)

A

NO HYPOXIA?: Hyperventilation/CO poisoning/Salicylate OD

HYPOXIC?: COPD/PE/Pneumonia, CHF

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10
Q

microcytic anemia

A 
Fe2+-deficient
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Hgbpathy
Pb2+ poisoning
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11
Q

normocytic anemia

A

CRF
Hypothyroidism
Mixed micro/macro anemia

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12
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

RETICULOCYTES WNL: B12/Folate-deficient, EtOHic, Liver disease, Rxs like chemo/sulfonamides/phenytoin/ZDV
INC RET, INC BILI = HEMOLYSIS: G6PD, Hereditary ellipto/spherocytosis, Mechanical heart valve, SLE, Viral infec; Rxs like methyldopa/PCN/quinidine
INC RET, BILI WNL = ACUTE BLOOD LOSS

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13
Q

AST elevation

A 
Muscle disorder
Liver disease/toxicity
CHF/ARF
MI
Pancreatitis
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14
Q

elevated FSH/LH

A

Chemo/Rad
DEC ESTRADIOL: Turner, 46XO
DEC TESTOSTERONE: Klinefelter, 46XXY, Anorchism

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15
Q

low FSH/LH

A 
Hypothyroidism
Pituitary adenoma
DM
Chronic infec
ED/Malnutrition
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16
Q

glucosuria

Study These Flashcards
A 
DM
Fanconi
Cystinosis
Wilson
Lowe syndrome
17
Q

hematuria

Study These Flashcards
A

Hgb+, RBC-: Hgburia, Myoglobinuria

Hgb+, RBC+: UTI, Nephritis, Urolithiasis tumor

18
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

Study These Flashcards
A

Rx-hepatitis, EtOH-cirrhosis
HepA-C, CMV, Mono, Exotic infec
Cholecystitis/lithiasis/angitis
Pancreatic CA/Hepatoma, Biliary cirrhosis
1o or Acquired hemolytic anemia
Inherited chronic liver disease (hemochromatosis, Dubin-Johnson, Gilbert, a1AT, autoimmune hep)

19
Q

hypercalcemia

Study These Flashcards
A 
Hyperparathyroidism
Milk alkali syndrome (Rxs like thiazides/antacids/Li2+)
Hyperthyroidism
Sarcoidosis
Paget
Mets/PNP syndrome
20
Q

hypercholesterolemia

Study These Flashcards
A 
Rxs like estrogen/steroids/thiazides/Bb
DM
Hypothyroidism
Nephrotic syndrome
Familial hyperchol
21
Q

hypergammaglobulinemia

Study These Flashcards
A 
CHECK SPEP, THEN:
INC a1: Infec
INC a2: Liver disease, Nephrosis
INC b: Liver disease, Multiple myeloma
INC gamma: Liver disease, Multiple myeloma, Leukemia, Chronic infec, Collagen-Vasc disease, MGUS
22
Q

hyperglycemia

Study These Flashcards
A 
Rxs like thiazides/estrogen/steroids
Pancreatitis
Cushing
CRF
Pheochromocytoma
DM or pre-DM if inc FBG
23
Q

hyperkalemia

Study These Flashcards
A 
REPEAT TEST, THEN:
Rxs like ACEis/K+ supps/spironolactone/triamterene
RF
Hypergly
Acidosis
Addison
24
Q

hypernatremia with osmolality < 0.7

Study These Flashcards
A

Central DI
Nephrogenic DI
CNS lesion

25
hypernatremia with osmolality > 0.7
CHECK URINE Na+, THEN: >20: DM, Cushing, 1o hyperaldosteronism, Interstit renal disease, High-prot diet, Rxs like diuretics <10: Hypervent, Excess sweating, Infec diarrhea, Lactulose malabsorption
26
hypertriglyceridemia
``` REPEAT FASTING, THEN: EtOHism DM RF Hypothyroidism Obesity Familial hypertrigs Rxs like estrogen/steroids/thiazides/Bb/tamoxifen/isotretinoin/nucleosideogs ```
27
hypoalbuminemia
``` Malabsorption d/t steatorrhea Anorexia Chronic liver disease CHF Nephrotic syndrome Chronic infec Extensive burns Preg/OCPs Protein-losing enteropathy ```
28
hypocalcemia
``` False positive (if SrCa2+ >8.5) HypoMg2+ Hypoparathy OR pseudohypoparathy Ricketts VitD-deficient or weird metab Check for hypoalbuminemia - see card for its ddx ```
29
hypoglycemia
``` Rxs like insulin/oral hypoglys/ethanol Hypothy Hypopituitarism Liver disease Addison Insulinoma Malabsorption ```
30
hypokalemia
Rxs like diuretics/corticosteroids/AmphoB/gentamicin Vomiting/diarrhea Alkalosis Renal tubular acidosis Hyperaldosteronism/adrenal hyperplasia/Cushing too much licorice..... *facepalm*
31
hyponatremia
IF HYPERGLY: Spurious hypona+ IF HYPOVOL: Diuretics, burns, sweat, GI loss, CF IF NORMOVOL: Hypothy, Addison, SIADH IF HYPERVOL: CHF, RF, Nephrotic syndrome, Liver failure
32
LDH elevation
``` CHECK CBC AND ISOENZYMES, THEN: LD1>LD2: AMI INC LD2-4: CHF, PE INC LD5: Musculoskeletal, or anemia of chronic disease LD4/5 < 1.05: Liver disease INC AMYLASE: Pancreatitis INC TSH: Hypothy DEC HAPTOGLOBIN: Hemolysis ```
33
leukocytosis
INFECTION Acute inflam like gout, RA, vasculitis, pancreatitis Rxs like corticosteroids/epi IF INC LYMPHOS BUT NO INFEC: Lymphocytic leukemia, Myeloid metaplasia
34
leukopenia
Rxs like AEDs/chemo/ABX/antithy/procainamide/clozapine EVERYTHING ELSE WNL: Viral syndrome, Idiopathic, or Benign chronic neutropenia ABNORMAL LABS: HIV, SLE, Leukemia, Multiple myeloma, Myelodysplasia, Aplastic or Pernicious anemia
35
polycythemia
``` R-L shunt Hemochromatosis Tobacco abuse IF HYPOXIC: COPD, Pulm HTN, Obst sleep apnea, Pickwickian IF LOW EPO, INC Hgb: Polycythemia vera INC EPO: RCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma ```
36
proteinuria
TRANSIENT: Overexercise, dehydration, fever, cold exposure <30 yo: Orthostatic proteinuria INC BUN/CREAT: Renal artery stenosis, Glom disease, Polycystic KD, Diabetic nephropathy, acute tub necrosis, Rxs like salicylates/carbamazepine/aminoglycosides IF KIDNEYS ARE FINE: CHF, Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
37
pyuria
PYELONEPHRITIS/CYSTITIS IF NEG URINE CULTURE: Appendicitis, PID, Pancreatitis, Renal disease/TB/nephritis, Vaginal contamination, Interstitial cystitis
38
thrombocytopenia
Rxs like chemo/AEDs/thiazides/Au+/chloramphenicol DVT/DIC/TTP Splenomegaly d/t hypersplenism or leukemia ITP Collagen-Vasc disease EtOHism Hemolytic-Uremic syndrome
39
uremia
CRF d/t DM, HTN, SLE, Glomerulonephritis, Amyloidosis ARF d/t obstruction like BPH/CA, or if not: ARF d/t Sepsis/Shock/CHF/Cirrhosis, Rhabdo, Collagen-Vasc, Renal artery stenosis/acute tub necrosis, or Rxs like ACEis/NSAIDs/contrast/Li2+/sulfonamides/aminoglycosides

Clinical DDx (3 decks)

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