[LAB] Hemoglobinometry Flashcards
1
Q
PH OF CELLULOSE ACETATE IN HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS
A
PH 8.6
2
Q
GEL MEDIA USED IN HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS
A
CELLULOSE ACETATE
CITRATE AGAR
3
Q
PH OF CITRATE AGAR IN HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS
A
PH 6.2
4
Q
OTHER TERMS FOR THE GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
A
SPECIFIC GRAVITY METHOD
COPPER SULFATE METHOD
5
Q
METHOD THAT IS BASED ON THE ESTIMATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BLOOD
A
GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
6
Q
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COPPER SULFATE
A
1.053
7
Q
HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
A
12.5 G/DL
8
Q
DESCRIBE THE PROCEDURE OF THE GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
A
Drop blood into a copper sulfate solution
Observe the rise and fall of blood within a few seconds
9
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD]
SUBSTANCE THAT ENCASES BLOOD
A
COPPER PROTEINATE
10
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD]
FUNCTION OF COPPER PROTEINATE
A
PREVENTS THE DISPERSION OF FLUID FOR 15 SECONDS
11
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD]
SUBSTANCE THAT PREVENTS THE DISPERSION OF FLUID FOR 15 SECONDS
A
COPPER PROTEINATE
12
Q
TIME LIMIT BEFORE FLUID DISPERSION OCCURS UPON CONTACT WITH COPPPER PROTEINATE
A
15 SECONDS
13
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
IF THE DROP OF BLOOD FALLS IN A FEW SECONDS
A
BLOOD HAS A GREATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY
14
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
IF THE DROP OF BLOOD RISES IN A FEW SECONDS
A
BLOOD HAS A LESSER SPECIFIC GRAVITY
15
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
IF THE DROP OF BLOOD REMAINS SUSPENDED FOR ABOUT 15 SECONDS AND THEN FALLS
A
BLOOD HAS THE SAME SPECIFIC GRAVITY AS THE SOLUTION
16
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
RESULT WHEN BLOOD HAS A GREATER SPECIFIC GRAVITY
A
BLOOD FALLS WITHIN A FEW SECONDS
17
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
RESULT WHEN BLOOD HAS A LOWER SPECIFIC GRAVITY
A
BLOOD RISES IN A FEW SECONDS
18
Q
[GRAVIMETRIC METHOD RESULT]
RESULT WHEN BLOOD HAS THE SAME SPECIFIC GRAVITY AS THE SOLUTION
A
BLOOD REMAINS SUSPENDED FOR ABOUT 15 SECONDS
THEN FALLS
19
Q
METHOD USED BY BLOOD BANKS AS A SCREENING TEST FOR BLOOD DONORS
A
GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
20
Q
METHOD THAT IS CAPABLE OF ESTIMATING HB WITHIN ~0.5 G/DL
A
GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
21
Q
INSTRUMENT USED IN THE GASOMETRIC METHOD
A
VAN SLYKE APPARATUS
22
Q
[GASOMETRIC METHOD]
SOLUTION USED TO HEMOLYSE BLOOD
A
SAPONIN
23
Q
METHOD THAT IS BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN EACH SAMPLE OF BLOOD
A
GASOMETRIC METHOD
24
Q
[GASOMETRIC METHOD]
FUNCTION OF SAPONIN
A
HEMOLYZE BLOOD
25
OXYGEN COMBINING CAPACITY OF BLOOD
1.34 ML O2 PER GRAM OF HGB
26
EQUATION FOR FINDING THE HB CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD
VOLUME OF O2 PER 100 ML BLOOD/1.34
27
PRINCIPLE OF THE GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
ESTIMATE THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BLOOD
28
PRINCIPLE OF THE GASOMETRIC METHOD
BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN EACH SAMPLE OF BLOOD
BLOOD COMBINES WITH AND LIBERATES A FIXED QUANTITY OF OXYGEN
29
PRINCIPLE OF THE CHEMICAL METHOD
TOTAL IRON CONTENT OF BLOOD IS BOUND TO HEMOGLOBIN
THUS MEASUREMENT OF THE IRON CONTENT REFLECTS THE AMOUNT OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE BLOOD
30
HEMOGLOBIN MEASURING METHOD BASED ON THE IRON CONTENT IN A GIVEN AMOUNT OF BLOOD
CHEMICAL METHOD
WONG’S METHOD
31
IRON CONTENT OF HEMOGLOBIN
0.347%
1G OR 1000 MG OF HB = 3.47 MG OF IRON
32
METHOD THAT IS THE ICSH STANDARD
WONG’S METHOD
33
[WONG’S METHOD]
SOLUTION USED TO TREAT BLOOD
SULFURIC ACID
POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
34
[WONG’S METHOD]
FUNCTION OF SULFURIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERSULFATE
DETACHES IRON FROM HEMOGLOBIN
35
[WONG’S METHOD]
SUBSTANCE USED TO PRECIPITATE PROTEINS
TUNGSTIC ACID
36
[WONG’S METHOD]
FUNCTION OF TUNGSTIC ACID
PRECIPITATE PROTEIN
37
[WONG’S METHOD]
APPARATUS USED TO MEASURE THE IRON CONTENT
COLORIMETER
38
[WONG’S METHOD]
EQUATION USED TO CALCULATE FOR HB
AMOUNT OF IRON IN MG PER 100 ML BLOOD/ 1.34
39
IRON CONTENT OF HB PER 100 G OR 100 ML OF BLOOD
0.347%
3.47 G
40
[COLORIMETRIC METHODS]
DIRECT MATCHING METHODS
TALLQVIST HEMOGLOBIN SCALE
DARE’S HEMOGLOMINOMETER
SPENCER HEMOGLOBINOMETER
41
METHOD THAT COMPARES THE COLOR OF FRESH BLOOD WITH A COLORED STANDARD REPRESENTING KNOWN QUANTITIES OF HEMOGLOBIN
DIRECT MATCHING METHOD
42
METHOD THAT DROPS A BLOOD ON FILTER PAPER AND MATCHES IT WITH A COLOR COMPARISON CHART
TALLQVIST METHOD
43
DESCRIBE THE TALLQVIST METHOD
METHOD THAT DROPS A BLOOD ON FILTER PAPER AND MATCHES IT WITH A COLOR COMPARISON CHART
44
[TALLQVIST METHOD]
COLOR SCALE GRADE
10-100%
45
[TALLQVIST METHOD]
DISADVANTAGES
ERRONEUS DUE TO SUBJECTIVITY
PERCENTAGES ARE NOT ACCURATE
46
METHOD THAT MATCHES THE BLOOD WITH A ROTATING DISK ON TINTED GLASS VARYING IN THICKNESS AND RED COLOR INTENSITY
DARE’S HEMOGLOBINOMETER METHOD
47
DESCRIBE THE DARE HEMOGLOMINOMETER METHOD
METHOD THAT MATCHES THE BLOOD WITH A ROTATING DISK ON TINTED GLASS VARYING IN THICKNESS AND RED COLOR INTENSITY
48
[DARE’S METHOD]
BLOOD IS DRAWN BY WHAT ACTION
CAPILLARY ACTION
49
[DARE’S METHOD]
INSTRUMENT WHERE BLOOD IS DRAWN IN
SMALL GLASS CHAMBER
TWO GLASS PLATES
50
METHOD THAT COMPARES THE TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT THROUGH A LAYER OF HEMOLYZED BOOD WITH A STANDARDIZED GLASS WEDGE
SPENCER HEMOGLOBINOMETER
51
SPENCER’S HEMOGLOMINOMETER METHOD
METHOD THAT COMPARES THE TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT THROUGH A LAYER OF HEMOLYZED BOOD WITH A STANDARDIZED GLASS WEDGE
52
METHOD THAT IS LESS ACCURATE THAN SAHLI’S METHOD
SPENCER’S METHOD
53
[SPENCER’S METHOD]
DISADVANTAGE
DIFFICULT FOR THE HUMAN EYE TO ACCURATELY GRADE AND MATCH SMALL DIFFERENCE IN RED COLOR THAN BROWN COLOR OF ACID HEMATIN
54
[SPENCER’S METHOD]
WAVELENGTH TRANSMISSION AND COLOR SEEN
540 NM
GREEN COLOR
55
[TRUE OR FALSE]
THE INTENSITY OF COLOR IS MEASURED IN THE SPENCER METHOD
FALSE
INTENSITY OF LIGHT IS MEASURED
56
METHOD THAT COMPARES THE COLOR OF BLOOD ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER AGAINST A PRINTED SCALE OF COLORS WITH CORRESPONDING HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS
WHO HEMOGLOBIN
COLOR SCALE METHOD
57
[WHO METHOD]
RANGE OF HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS
4 TO 14 G/DL
58
METHOD THAT READS THE CONCENTRATION OF HB DIRECTLY FROM THE GRAM SCALE ETCHED ON A TUBE
ACID HEMATIN METHOD
59
DESCIBE THE ACID HEMATIN METHOD
METHOD THAT READS THE CONCENTRATION OF HB DIRECTLY FROM THE GRAM SCALE ETCHED ON A TUBE
60
[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
SUBSTANCE USED TO HEMOLYZE THE RED CELLS AND CONVERT HB TO A BROWNISH YELLOW SOLUTION
0.1N HCl
61
[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
FUNCTION OF 0.1N HCl
HEMOLYZES RED CELLS
CONVERTS HEMOGLOBIN TO A BROWNISH YELLOW SOLUTION
62
[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
COLOR OF ACID HEMATIN
BROWNISH YELLOW
63
[ACID HEMATIN METHOD]
OTHER PROCEDURES
SAHLI-HELIGE
HAIDEN-HAUSSER
SAHLI-ADAMS
OSGOOD-HASKIN
HLADANE
NEWCOMER
64
INACTIVE HEMOGLOBIN COMPONENTS ARE CONVERTED TO HEMATIN IN THIS METHOD
ALKALI HEMATIN METHOD
65
[ALKALI HEMATIN METHOD]
COLOR OF ALKALI HEMATIN
BLUE-GREEN
66
[ALKALI HEMATIN METHOD]
DISADVANTAGE
WILL NOT ACCURATELY MEASURE THE HB OF AN INFANT
67
WHY WONT THE ALKALI METHOD ACCURATELY MEASURE INFANT HEMOGLOBIN
INFANT BLOOD CONTAINS ALKALI RESISTANT FETAL HEMOGLOBIN
68
THE PRINCIPLE OF ALKALI’S METHOD IS USED IN WHAT OTHER METHODS
STANDARD METHOD (GIBSON AND HARRISON’S STANDARD SOLUTION)
CLEGG AND KING METHOD
69
ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF THE ALKALI METHOD
HARBOE METHOD
70
METHOD THAT MEASURES PLASMA HB AT 415 NM
HARBOE METHOD
71
METHOD THAT USES BENSIDINE DERIVATIVES WHERE HB CATALYZES THE RAPID OXIDATION OF BENZIDINE BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
METHOD OF NAUMANN
72
MORE SENSITIVE METHOD BUT MORE INACCURATE BECAUSE NORMAL PLASMA CONTAINS H2O2 INHIBITORS AND BENZIDINE IS CARCINOGENIC
METHOD OF NAUMANN
73
PRINCIPLE OF THE OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE OR SODIUM CARBONATE CONVERTS HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN AND THE COLOR PRODUCED IS MEASURED AT 540 NM
74
METHOD THAT USES AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE OR SODIUM CARBONATE TO CONVERT HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN AND MEASURES THE COLOR PRODUCED AT 540 NM
OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD
75
[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
SOLUTIONS USED TO CONVERT HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN
0.1% SODIUM CARBONATE
0.007N AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
76
[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
FUNCTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE AND AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
CONVERT HB TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN
77
[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
COLOR OF THE FILTER USED
GREEN
78
[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
WAVELENGTH USED TO MEASURE OXYHEMOGLOBIN
540 NM
79
[OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
BLANK SOLUTION
0.007N AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
80
OTHER TERMS FOR THE CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD
HEMIGLOBINCYANIDE METHOD
81
PRINCIPLE OF THE CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD
HEMOGLOBIN IS OXIDIZED TO METHEMOGLOBIN BY POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE
POTASSIUM CYANIDE CONVERTS METHEMOGLOBIN TO CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN
82
COMPONENTS OF DRABKIN’S REAGENT
POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE
POTASSIUM CYANIDE
SODIUM BICARBONATE
SURFACTANT
83
[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
FUNCTION OF POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE
CONVERT HGB TO METHEMOGLOBIN
84
[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
FUNCTION OF POTASSIUMCYANIDE
CONVERT METHEMOGLOBIN TO CYANMETHEMOGOBIN
85
[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
FUNCTION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR TRICHTON X
PRESERVATIVE
86
[DRABKIN’S SOLUTION]
SUBSTANCES USED AS SURFACTANTS
DIHYDROGEN POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE
87
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
WAVELENGTH OF THE SOLUTION
540 NM
88
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD]
SOLUTION USED TO COMPARE THE SAMPLE WITH
HYDROGEN CYANIDE SOLUTION
89
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
EXPOSURE OF CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN TO LIGHT
FALSE DECREASE
Store in a brown bottle or in a dark place to avoid light exposure and degradation.
90
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
HIGH WBC/PLT COUNT
FALSE INCREASE
Can cause turbidiry
Centrifuge the reagent-sample solution and measure the supernatant
91
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
VOLUME AT WHICH WBC CAN CAUSE INTERFERENCES
WBC COUNT > 20 3 109/L
PLT COUNT > 700 3 109/L
92
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
LIPEMIA
FALSE INCREASE
Causes turbidity
Add 0.01 mL of patient plasma to 5 mL of cyanmethemoglobin reagent
Use solution as reagent blank
93
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
CELLS CONTAINING HbS and HbC
FALSE INCREASE
Resistant to hemolysis
Causes turbidity
Make a 1:2 dilution with distilled water
Multiply results from the standard curve by 2
94
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
ABNORMAL GLOBULINS
FALSE INCREASE
May precipitate in the reagent
Add 0.1g of potassium carbonate to cyanmethemoglobin reagent
95
ABNORMAL GLOBULINS ARE FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS
PLASMA CELL MYELOMA
WALDENSTROM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA
96
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH PLASMA CELL MYELOMA OR WALDENSTROM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA
FALSE INCREASE
Abnormal globulins present
May precipitate in the reagent
Add 0.1g of potassium carbonate to cyanmethemoglobin reagent
97
[CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN]
[SOURCES OF ERRORS]
CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN
ERRONEOUS RESULTS
Takes 1 hour to convert to cyanmethemoglobin
98
IN WHAT KIND OF PATIENT CAN ERRONEOUS RESULTS ARISE DUE TO CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN
PATIENTS WHO ARE HEAVY SMOKERS
