Lab manual 10 abdominals Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is the main function of the urinary system, and why is it important?
filters blood, generates urine. removes toxins
Give three examples of the types of molecules filtered through the kidneys.
urea, water, ions, and toxins
Why are red blood cells and larger proteins not filtered through the kidney?
They cannot fit through the slits in the glomerulus
what and where are the kidneys
The kidneys are the principle organ of the urinary system. They are located in the abdominal cavity and they are retroperitoneal.
structure of the kidney:
what and where is the Renal Pelvis
the middle pelvis of the kidney, which collects urine from the major calyces and is joined to the ureter.
structure of the kidney:
what and where is the cortex
superficial region containing renal corpuscles and blood vessels.
structure of the kidney:
what and where is the Medulla
Innermost part containing Loops of Henle and collecting ducts
What is the most superficial region of the kidney and what does it contain?
Cortex, contains blood vessels, renal corpuscles, PCTs and DCTs
What structures run parallel in this region of the kidney towards the renal papilla at the base of the pyramids?
Collecting ducts (also Nephron loops)
In what region of the kidney does filtration occur, and why?
Cortex - this is where the renal corpuscle/glomerulus is
What artery (which passes through the hilum) brings blood into the kidney, and from what large vessel does it branch?
Renal artery from abdominal aorta
What vein (which passes through the hilum) drains blood from the kidney, and into what
large vessel back to the heart?
Renal vein, drains into inferior vena cava
are located superficially almost entirely within the renal cortex. They
have smaller Loops of Henle which dip into the renal medulla. These nephrons are responsible
for most of the regulatory functions of the kidney.
Cortical Nephrons (85%)
have very long Loops of Henle which dive deep down into
the renal medulla. These nephrons play a crucial role in establishing conditions essential to
water conservation and the production of concentrated urine
Juxtamedullary Nephrons (15%)
Name the two types of nephrons and explain how they differ
Cortical - almost entirely in the cortex (except a short segment of the nephron loop)
Juxtamedullary - long loops that extend down into renal pyramid
Which parts of the nephron are predominantly located within the renal medulla?
Part of nephron loop and collecting duct
Which parts of the nephron are predominantly located in the cortex?
Renal corpuscle, PCT, DCT
If someone was dehydrated, which type of nephron would be responsible for
concentrating their urine to conserve water?
Juxtamedullary
what is Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
initial segment of the nephron connected to the
glomerulus. Reabsorbs nutrients from the filtrate. Located in the cortex.
what is the Nephron loop
the looped portion of the nephron which establishes an osmotic gradient to
promote water reabsorption. Dips into the medulla.
what is the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
the distal part of the nephron which connects to the
collecting duct. Makes further adjustments to the filtrate. Located in the cortex.
what is collecting duct
The collecting duct collects filtrate from many nephrons.
Each collecting duct begins in the renal
cortex and then descends into the medulla to drain the filtrate into minor calyces and then into the
renal pelvis for excretion.
Consider the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. Which of these is the most numerous
Cortical
Consider the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. Which of these has the longest Loop of Henle?
Juxtamedullary
