Lab Practical 1

Question 1

Brightfield microscope

Answer 1

allows light rays to pass directly through the eye

Question 2

stage

Answer 2

horizontal platform that supports the microscope slide

Question 3

light source

Answer 3

provides light through a voltage control

Question 4

neutral density

Answer 4

reduces light intensity

Question 5

ocular

Answer 5

two lenses to see through

Question 6

objectives

Answer 6

name of the different strengths

Question 7

what are the three objectives

Answer 7

low power high dry oil immersion

Question 8

condenser

Answer 8

directs light to the slide

Question 9

resolving power

Answer 9

ability to separate two objects

Question 10

what can maximize resolving power?

Answer 10

blue filter immersion oil

Question 11

what does bacteria’s cell wall made of?

Answer 11

peptidoglycan

Question 12

what are the three shapes of bacteria

Answer 12

rod - bacilli spherical- cocci spirals- curved rods

Question 13

are cocci motile?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

Answer 14

cocobacillus

Question 15

Answer 15

Bacillus

Question 16

Answer 16

Fusiform

Question 17

what are axial filaments

Answer 17

what allows spriocheates to be motile

Question 18

what is aseptic technique

Answer 18

ensures there are no contaminants

Question 19

what is a pure culture

Answer 19

isolating one bacteria from many

Question 20

what are the two procdures for a pure culture

Answer 20

pour plate and streak plate

Question 21

what are the types of streaking

Answer 21

quadrant

continuous

Question 22

Answer 22

staphylococci

Question 23

what is an example of a differential stain

Answer 23

gram stain

Question 24

what colour is gram positve

Answer 24

purple

Question 25

what colour is gram negative

Answer 25

pink

Question 26

what is a primary stain

Answer 26

crystal violet

Question 27

why are gram postive pruple?

Answer 27

thick walls of peptodoglycan

Question 28

what is the mordant in the gram stain?

Answer 28

iodine

Question 29

what does iodine do in a gram stain?

Answer 29

forms an insoluble complex in gram positive

Question 30

how is iodine removed in gram negative cells?

Answer 30

alchohol

Question 31

what is the decolorizer in gram negative

Answer 31

alcohol or acetone solution

Question 32

what is the counterstain

Answer 32

safranin

Question 33

what does safran DO

Answer 33

attached to lipid layer

Question 34

what are the two methods of spore staining

Answer 34

dorner and shaeffer fulton method

Question 35

Answer 35

simple stain

Question 36

Answer 36

capsule stain

Question 37

Answer 37

endospore stain

Question 38

Answer 38

gram stain

Question 39

Answer 39

acid fast

Question 40

Answer 40

gram positive pruple gram negative pink

Question 41

what is the shaefer fulton method of spore staining

Answer 41

uses malachite green to stain endospore and safranin to stain vegetation

Question 42

what species to endospore belong to?

Answer 42

bacillus or clostridia

Question 43

what is the protein coat on an endosperm called

Answer 43

endosporium

Question 44

how can endospores be destroyed

Answer 44

autoclave

Question 45

what does the dorner method involve

Answer 45

Nigrosin is used to make a black endospore

Question 46

what is myolic acid

Answer 46

waxy material that coats cell

Question 47

what is the primary stain in acid fasting

Answer 47

carbolfuchsin

Question 48

what is the purpose of phenol in acid fast staining

Answer 48

allows carbolfuchsin to penetrate waxy coat

Question 49

what is the differerence between acid fast and non-acid fast

Answer 49

acid fast cannot be decolorized non acid fast can be decolorized

Question 50

what must non-acid fast be counterstained with

Answer 50

methyl blue

Question 51

what colour are non acid fast cells

Answer 51

blue

Question 52

what colour are acid fast cells

Answer 52

pink

Question 53

what causes motion in becteria

Answer 53

flagella

Question 54

what is cheotaxis

Answer 54

move away from harmful bacteria

Question 55

what kind of rings do gram positive cells have

Answer 55

s and m