Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What are blood types named for?
A
Antigens
2
Q
Antigen
A
Protein marker that identifies cell as self or not-self
3
Q
Antibody
A
immune protein that targets and destroys foreign cells
4
Q
What is the clumping of blood cells called?
A
Agglutination
5
Q
What is the destruction of blood?
A
Hemolysis
6
Q
What blood types can A blood receive?
A
A and O
7
Q
What blood types can B blood receive?
A
B and O
8
Q
What blood types can AB blood receive?
A
A, B, AB, and O
9
Q
What blood types can O blood receive?
A
O
10
Q
To what blood types can O blood be given?
A
All
11
Q
What determines if blood is negative or positive?
A
Presence of Rh/D
12
Q
If Rh is present in blood, what is it?
A
Positive
13
Q
Which bloods contain anti-B antibodies?
A
A and O
14
Q
Which blood type has no antibodies?
A
AB
15
Q
Which blood type has anti-A antibody?
A
B and O
16
Q
If there is agglutination in the A-field of a blood-type kit, what kind of blood is it?
A
A-
17
Q
Agglutination in the A, B, and D fields would indicate which blood type?
A
AB+
18
Q
Is type O blood an ideal donor for type A blood?
A
No, but it will work in a pinch
19
Q
In blood pressure, what is the top number called?
A
Systolic
20
Q
In blood pressure, what is the bottom number called?
A
Diastolic
21
Q
To what does systolic blood pressure correspond?
A
The pressure of blood hitting the wall of the artery during ventricular contraction
22
Q
To what does diastolic blood pressure correspond?
A
The pressure of blood hitting the wall of the artery during ventricular relaxation
23
Q
To which artery do we typically listen when taking blood pressure?
A
Brachial
24
Q
When we measure blood pressure, we are working with the pressure of blood after it is ejected from which ventricle?
A
The left ventricle
25
What is the term for high blood pressure?
Hypertension
26
What numerical value qualifies someone for a hypertension diagnosis?
140/90
27
How many times does blood pressure need to be at or over 140/90 for a hypertension diagnosis to be made?
At least 3 times on 3 separate occasions
28
What is hypotension?
Low blood pressure
29
What is the name of the blood pressure cuff?
Sphygmomanometer
30
What is the device used to listen to heart sounds?
Stethoscope
31
Where should you hear silence when taking a blood pressure?
Around 140
32
On which arm should a blood pressure reading be taken?
Non-dominant
33
Seven locations we can determine pulse rate
1. Brachial artery 2. Carotid artery 3. Radial artery 4. Femoral artery 5. Axillary artery 6. Superficial temporal artery 7. Dorsalis pedis artery
34
Why is the LUBB louder in the LUBB-dupp heart sound?
The LUBB corresponds to the closure of the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid)
35
What is the normal range of blood pressure readings?
120/80 - 140/90
36
In the PhysioEx experiment, what was the name of the U-shaped tube and syringe apparatus?
Respirometer-manometer apparatrus
37
In PhysEx, what was the function of the manometer?
Fluid rose on left side and fell on right as animal used available O2
38
What absorbed the CO2 in the PhysEx cage?
Soda Lime
39
Define metabolism
All biochemical reactions occurring in the body
40
If a PhysEx rat had its pituitary gland removed, it was called?
Hypophysectomized
41
If a PhysEx rat had its thyroid removed, what was it called?
Thyroidectomized
42
What is the function of propylthiouracil?
To inhibit the production of thyroxine
43
What is the name of organisms with fixed body temperatures?
Homeothermic
44
Which blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells and tissues?
Erythrocytes
45
Which blood cells are the most numerous?
Erythrocytes
46
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytize bacteria; first arrivers at scene of infection
47
What is a marker of anemia found in neutrophils?
More than 5 lobes
48
Which WBC is small with a nucleus that almost fills the cell?
Lymphocyte
49
What are the two kinds of lymphocytes and what is their purpose?
T-cells: destroy cancer and viruses B-cells: equipped with antibodies that facilitate destruction of bacteria
50
Which WBC is a precursor cell?
Monocyte
51
What do Monocytes transform into?
Macrophages - phagocytize bacteria and lung debris
52
Which WBC are covered in red granules and what is their function?
Eosinophils; secrete enzymes that destroy worms and parasites
53
Which WBC contains histamine?
Basophil
54
When is histamine released?
When inflammation is present
55
List the 5 WBC from least to most common
1. Basophil 2. Eosinophil 3. Monocyte 4. Lymphocyte 5. Neutrophil
56
What is a pneumonic for remembering WBC frequency from most to least common?
Never let monkeys eat bananas (Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil)
57
Basophil
histamine for inflammation
58
Eosinophil
Destroy worms and parasites
59
60
Lymphocyte
Destroy cancer, viruses, bacteria
61
Lymphocyte
62
Monocyte
Transform to macrophage
63
Monocyte
phagocytize lung bacteria and debris
64
Neutrophil
Pagocytize bacteria
65
Eosinophil
Destroy worms; bilobed nucleus
66
What is the function of parafollicular cells?
Secrete calcitonin
67
What is another name for parafollicular cells?
C cells
68
Which zone of the adrenals secretes aldosterone?
Zona glomerulosa
69
Which zone of the adrenals secretes cortisol?
Zona fasciculata
70
Which zone of the adrenals secretes weak androgens?
Zona reticularis
71
From where are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted?
From the medulla of the adrenals
72
What is the name of the pancreatic structure that pruduces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?
Serous acini
73
What are the three types of pancreatic islets?
Alpha, Beta, and Delta
74
Which pancreatic islet secretes glucagon to raise blood sugar?
Alpha islet
75
What do Beta islets secrete?
Insulin to lower blood sugar
76
From where does somatostatin come?
From delta islets in the pancreas
77
What inhibits growth hormone?
Somatostatin
78
1. Adrenal gland
2. Medulla
3. Zona Reticularis
4. Zona Fasciculata
5. Zona glomerulosa
79
What is the name of the big, bubbly cells?
Follicles
80
What is contained in the follicles of the thyroid cell?
Colloid gel
81
What is the name of the little cells lining the follicle?
Thyroid
Follicular cells
82
What is the name and function of the small clustered cells around the follicles?
Parfollicular cells (c cells) - Secrete calcitonin
83
What tissue is this?
Pancreas
84
What is the name of the splotches of lighter color?
Islets of the Pancreas
85
What is the name and function of the top zone?
Zona glomerulosa - secrete aldosterone
86
What is the name and function of the middle zone?
Zona fasciculata - secrete cortisol
87
What is the name and fuction of the bottom zone?
Zona reticularis - secrete weak androgens
88
Name structures 1-5
1. Hypophysis
2. Anterior pituitary
3. Posterior pituitary
4. Infundibulum
5. Thyroid gland
89
Name structure 8
Parathyroid gland
90
Name structures 11-13, 16, and 20
11. Adrenal cortex
12. Adrenal medulla
13. Pancreas
16. Testis
20. Ovary
91
What is the function of the anterior pituitary?
Make its own hormones, part of GI tract
92
Which part of the hypophysis is part of the brain, contains myelinated neurons, and receives hormones from the hypothalamus?
Posterior pituitary
93
What 3 hormones does the thyroid realease?
T3, T4, and calcitonin
94
What is the function of thrombocytes?
Blood clotting
95
Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
96
What is the name of the squiggly line around the lumen?
Tunica interna
97
What is the name of the thick middle layer?
Tunica media
98
What is the name of the outermost layer?
Tunica externa
99
How can you tell the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries have thicker tunica medias and their lumen is more rounded
Veins have a thin tunica media and a more flaccid structure
100
