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Lab Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Total Magnification = ?

A

Ocular x Objective

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2
Q

4x objective lens is ______?

A

scanning

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3
Q

10x objective lens is ______?

A

low power

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4
Q

40x objective lens is ______?

A

high power

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5
Q

100x objective lens is ______?

A

oil immersion

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6
Q

As magnification increases the FOV will _________?

A

decrease

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7
Q

(Original FOV)(Original Magnification) =

A

(Final Measurements)(Final Magnification)

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8
Q

ANIMAL vs plant cell

A

no cell wall (only plasma membrane)
no chloroplasts
no central vacuole

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9
Q

PLANT CELLS vs animal cells

A

rigid cell wall surrounding cell membrane
have chloroplasts
have central vacuole

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10
Q

Which objective should you use the course focus knob?

A

4x

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11
Q

When moving from one objective to the next one should be able to the ______?

A

fine focus knob

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12
Q

What is the diaphragm of the microscope?

A

below the stage, used to improve the contrast

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13
Q

What are the 4 requirements for properly pitting away your microscope?

A
  1. always leave it on the 4x objective
  2. if you use oil wipe sense from the 100x objective
  3. place mechanical stage in the down position
  4. wrap cord
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14
Q

the average cell size is

A

17 micrometers

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15
Q

the average FOV for the 4x objective is?

A

3.0 mm

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16
Q

1 cm= x mm

A

10

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17
Q

1 mm= x um (micrometers)

A

1000

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18
Q

1 um = x nm (nanometers)

A

1000

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19
Q

1 nm = x A (angstrom units)

A

10

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20
Q

cell size =

A

FOV/#cells

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21
Q

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH =

A

H2O + CO2 + CH3OONa

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22
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

NaHCO3

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23
Q

Acetic Acid

A

CH3COOH

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24
Q

What is the side reaction that occurs with Sodium Bicarbonate and Acetic Acid react?

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) turn into Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

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25
BTB turns ______ if the solution becomes more basic
yellow
26
What gas was collected in this experiment by mixing sodium bicarbonate and vinegar?
CO2
27
What color did the BTB turn after bubbling CO2 through ?
Yellow
28
What is the pH for a neutral solution?
7
29
Characteristics for a acidic solution?
less than 7 | high H+ concentration
30
Characteristics for a neutral solution?
H+ = OH- 10 ^ -7 M -log [10^-7] = 7
31
Characteristics for a basic solution?
more than 7 pH | high OH- concentration
32
what color did the vinegar reaction tube turn when the Phenol Red was added?
yellow
33
what color did the test tube with water turn when Phneol Red was added?
red/pink
34
BTB starts as blue and changes to ___ as a positive indicator of an acid (below pH 6)
yellow
35
Phenol Red starts as red (pH 6.8-8.2) changes to _____ as a positive indicator of an acid (below 6.8) and changes to fuchsia as positive indicator of a base (above pH 8.2)
yellow
36
Bromocresol Purple starts as purple changes to ____ as positive indicator of an acid (below pH 5.2)
yellow
37
Moles to atoms
x mol (6.022 X 10^23 atoms/ 1 mole)
38
Atoms to moles
x atoms (1 mol/6.022 x 10^23 atoms)
39
General formula of carbohydrates
(CH2O)n
40
Ratio of carbohydrates C:H:O
1:2:1
41
solution
a liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances
42
sodium acetate atomic mass
82.0343 g/mol
43
sodium citrate atomic mass
258.06 g/mol
44
CARBOHYDRATES monomer: polymer: bond:
monomer: monosaccharide (ex. simple sugars- glucose) polymer: polysaccharide (ex. starch) bond: carbon
45
How to test for glucose? Positive and Negative indicator
Benedict Solution positive: orange negative: light blue
46
How to test for Starch? Positive and Negative indicator
Lugol's iodine solution + black - orange hue
47
How to test for proteins? Positive and Negative indicator
Buiret A and B + dark blue - light blue
48
How to test for Lipid? Positive and Negative indicator
Sudan IV + orange with bilayer - clear with orange hue
49
PROTEINS monomer: polymer: bond:
monomer: amino acids polymer: polypeptides (hemoglobin) bond: peptide bonds
50
What are the building sections of a typical amino acid?
CH: central hydrocarbon NH2: amino group (basic) COOH: carboxyl group (acidic) R: functional side group
51
Molecular Formula of Methane
CH4
52
Molecular Formula of Glucose
C6H12O6
53
Molecular Formula of Water
H2O
54
Carbon Dioxide
C2O
55
Oxygen
O2
56
Ammonia
NH3
57
Amino Acid
NH2CHRCOOH
58
Triglyceride
``` Glycerol backbone (C and H) Fatty Acids (C, H, O) ```
59
Carbon will be what color in the model
black
60
Hydrogen will be what color in the model
white
61
Oxygen will be what color in the model
red
62
Nitrogen will be what color in the model
blue
63
Name and describe 3 bacteria you saw in lab?
1. Bacillus look like sausage links 2. Coccus look like those little metal magnets balls that stick together 3. Spirillum look like some drug worm looking asses
64
In the phospholipid bilayer other components are attached to the
glycerol backbone
65
In the phospholipid bilayer, the polar head is made of a ______ _______ and paces outwards from the cell and inward toward the cytoplasm. may have a _______ molecule attached
phosphate group | choline
66
In the phospholipid bilayer, the non polar tails are made out of fatty acid ______ _______ that are attached to a ________ by an ______ ______
fatty acid (hydrocarbon chains) Glycerol molecule ester bond
67
In the phospholipid bilayer, the non polar tails are made out of fatty acid ______ _______ that are attached to a ________ by an ______ ______
fatty acid (hydrocarbon chains) Glycerol molecule ester bond
68
Isotonic
equal concentration of solutes inside and outside of the cell membrane
69
hyperosmotic solutions/hypertonic solutions
higher concentrations of solutes outside than inside. causes water to leave cell
70
hypoosmotic solutions/hypotonic solutions
lower concentration of solutes outside the cell. causes water to enter cell
71
describe cells in hypertonic solutions. what are the special terms for these states in animal and plant cells?
in hypertonic solutions cells shrill because they do not have enough water in plants= plasmalyzed in animals= crenation (red blood cells)
72
describe cells in hypotonic solutions. what are the special terms for these states in animals and plant cells?
in hypotonic cells swell in plants the rigid cell wall allows cells to swell as vacuole grows called TURGID in animals the plasma membrane is not strong enough and the cell bursts HEMOLYSIS
73
In the experiment with the blood tubes what was removed from the tubes to access the blood pellets?
blood serum

Biology Laboratory (8 decks)

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