Lab Practicum 1 COPY Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Let’s assume for a moment that Dr. Hime has discovered a new species of mammals. Which of the following represents the correct species name for her new mammal?
A
Hebius genbuis
2
Q
What is the function of the rough ER? Is it found in plants animals or both?
A
Produces proteins, both
3
Q
What is the function of the central vacuole? Is it found in plants animals or both?
A
Stores water, plants
4
Q
What is the function of a lysosome? Is it found in plants animals or both?
A
Contains degrateative ensymes, Found in animals
5
Q
Please list the four tissue types
A
Nervous connective muscle epithelial
6
Q
If you fill a dialysis bag with concentrated MiraLAX solution and place the bag and distilled water what will happen and why?
A
It will gain weight because the hypertonic MiraLAX solution will go up towards the hypertonic environment.
7
Q
If Sam is using a microscope with a three times I use any 300 times objective lens what is the total magnification?
A
900
8
Q
Is Euglena capable of performing photosynthesis when living? Is it capable of consuming other organisms when living?
A
Yes to both
9
Q
Which creature with smaller Euglena or the Daphnia?
A
Euglena
10
Q
Sam is watching a living Euglena to swim across the slide. If it’s women’s to the left which way does Sam have to move the slide so that he can see it?
A
To the right
11
Q
Which is larger one Gram or 1 pound
A
1 pound
12
Q
Which is smaller 1 L or 1 gallon?
A
Liter
13
Q
Which is larger 1 m or 1 yard?
A
1 m
14
Q
How many miles is equal to how many kilometers?
A
1 mile equals 1.60 kilometers
15
Q
Qualitative
A
Of or about qualities
16
Q
Quantitative
A
Numbers
17
Q
Independent variable
A
The one you change in the experiment
18
Q
D pendant variable
A
The variable you measured or observed
19
Q
Confounding variable
A
Alternative explanations for what we observed or measured
20
Q
What does the standard deviation equal
A
The square root of the variance
21
Q
1 cc
A
1mm
22
Q
What magnification is the scanning lens
A
4x
23
Q
What magnification is medium power
A
10x
24
Q
What magnification is high-power
A
40x
25
What is the mathematical formula to calculate magnification
Magnification times 10
26
What happens to the diameter of the viewing field when I increase magnification to 100 times do you think the diameter will go up down or remain the same?
Goes down
27
If you move the slide up and to the left which way does the image appear to move?
Down and to the right
28
Spirogyra plant animal or both
Play it like because it contains chloroplasts and grows well in the water in someway but also produces sexually and asexually
29
Euglena plant or animal?
Animal like it does not have cell walls. These organisms are readish purple because they are no longer living
30
What is a prokaryote
A single set of organism that lacks a membrane surrounding the nucleus
31
What is a eukaryote
Has a true nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Is often much larger than a prokaryote
32
Epidermis
Surrounds the leave in a single layer of cells
33
How do animal cells differ from those of photosynthetic plant cells
The plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts
34
What is the function of a chloroplast? is it found in plants animals or both?
Photosynthesis, plant
35
What is the function of a mitochondria? Are they found in plant cells animal cells or both?
makes ATP
36
What is the function of the smooth ER? Is it found in plants animals or both
It regulates calcium and is found in both
37
What is the function of the nucleosis? Is it found in plants animals or both?
Rewrites RNA and combined it with proteins and it is found in both
38
What is the function of a cell wall? Is it found in plants animals or both?
Protection and is found only in plant
39
What is the function of the central vacuole? Is it found in plants animals or both
It's function is to hold wastes and it is found in plants
40
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? Is it found in plants animals or both?
It's function is sorting and packaging proteins, it is found in both
41
What affect does molecular size have on the movement of molecules through the membrane?
Bigger the size the slower it moves
42
What effect does concentration have on the movement of molecules through the membrane?
The more concentrated it is the more likely it's going to move down the gradient
43
What causes molecules to move in and out of cells
Diffusion
44
Aerobic
The process of cellular respiration requires the presence of oxygen
45
Anaerobic
Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen
46
Which sugars resulted in the highest and lowest rates of fermentation? Was there a difference between the rate of fermentation when monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides were used?
Monosaccharides should have higher rates than polysaccharides
47
Fermentation is a chemical process involving many different enzymes. The substances that enzymes utilize are called substrates while the results of the enzyme activity are called products. What are substrates and products of fermentation
Glucose makes products CO2 and ethanol
48
After observing table to which sugars and artificial sweeteners would you say are a good food source for yeast and which are not?
Monosaccharides should have higher rates than polysaccharides
49
Liposome
Hydrophillic Center
50
Micelle
Hydrophobic center
51
Passive memebrane transport
no energy required
52
Diffusion
the movement of particles down the concentration gradient .Finding equlibrium (space between molecules becomes equal)
53
What slows down diffusion?
always comes down to size
54
Carrier protein/Facilitate transport
air lock that takes in molecules and releases molecules into the cytoplasm.
55
Osmosis
The movement of water in order to equalize space between the the molecules
56
if a blood cell is in a isotonic solution....
it is normal
57
if a blood cell is in a Hypotonic solution
the blood cell with comsume the solution until it explodes
58
if a blood cell is in a hypertonic solution
all of the molecules leave the blood cell until the blood cell shrinks
59
active transport
against the gradient and requires ATP in order to happen
60
The movement of Oxygen from the lungs to the capillaries would best be described as…..
D) Diffusion because oxygen moves down its concentration gradient
61
b) A small hydrophillic molecule, like glucose?
A large hydrophobic molecule, like testosterone, will diffuse across a lipid bilayer faster than a small hydrophilic molecule, like glucose. The lipid bilayer is mostly comprised of hydrophobic tails (see image below). The hydrophilic heads do orient themselves to the watery surface, but the “head” layer is extremely thin.
62
hypertonic
does it have more salt than in the example? (ie .9 in his red blood cells?)
63
hypotonic
fewer salt molocules than the saline in example
64
isotonic
equal concentration as the example
65
Nuclear Lamina
fibrillar network inside the nucleus of most cells. It is composed of intermediate filaments and membrane associated proteins- works with DNA
66
Rough ER
studded with ribosome which synthesize proteins. The inside contains a space called the lumen which is where protien folding happens.
67
why is it important for the rough ER to be connected to nucleus?
When proteins are made, the mRNA, which is made inside the nucleus, will leave through the pores and attach to the ribosomes.
68
the Cis side of the golgi
closest to the RER and the nucleus
69
the trans side of the golgi
oriented toward the plasma membrane
70
Peroxisome
all eukaryotic cells have these bundles of enzymes that arise from the golgi and use them to break down toxins like alchohol
71
lysosome
not found in plants- breaks up everything other than alchohol
72
lysosome
Vesicles filled with enzymes. Lysosomes originate as buds from the RER and golgi. These enzymes digest macromolecules such as lipids. These enzymes also digest old, worn out organelles. Lysosomes also destroy pathogens such as bacteria.
73
Phagocytosis
occurs when a cell engulfs a large particle then the lysosome merges with the particle and the enzymes destroy the entire particle
74
Tay sachs disease
the lysosomes dont work and the lipids build up inside them
75
mitochondria
grow and divide independently of the rest of the cell
76
mitochondria
grow and divide independently of the rest of the cell AND contain their own circular DNA
77
Mitochondrial DNA
neuclear DNA is enherited from both parents but mitochondrial DNA comes from the mother only.
78
Dynamic Cytoskeleton
found in all eukaryotic cells, made of a dense network of interweaving protiens, functions include maintaining the shape of the cell, moving the cell and particles
79
Kinesin
a motor protien that walks along the microtubual track
80
1. Salivary glands in the mouth make mucous and salivary amylase, an enzyme. Which organelle makes proteins such as enzymes?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
81
Which Organelle breaks down large lipids?
the lysosome
82
Who was Connor Hopf and why did he get sick? What were his symptoms?
Connor Hopf was a baby that inherited Tay Sach’s disease. Both of his parents were carriers for this disease, meaning that they each had one good copy of the gene that encodes for lysosomal enzymes and one copy of a bad gene that does not code for functional enzyme protein. Connor inherited both copies of the bad gene, thus he was unable to break down any of the large ceramide lipids in his brain. He developed seizures, became blind and could not eat. He died before his second birthday.
83
The picture shown above depicts the nuclear envelope with the nuclear pore. The thins strands of DNA (called chromatin) are shown in pink. This DNA is very thin – thin enough to slide through the nuclear pore and yet the DNA inside the nucleus does not leave. Why?
Because the DNA is held in place by the nuclear lamina
84
Neclear lamina
holds DNA in place
85
Thylakoid
the little rolls of quarters in a chloroplast the individual quarters are thylakoid, the stacks are granums
86
Stroma
aqueous space in a chloroplast
87
β carotene
orange
88
Zeaxanthin
yellow
89
Anthocyanin
purple
90
How does Carotene “fit” in the thylakoid membrane?
Many photosynthetic pigments are imbedded together with proteins in the thylakoid membrane.
91
Overall equation for glycolisis
One 6 carbon compound (glucose) get converted to pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
92
Electron transport chain
NADH goes from 1, 3, 4
FAHD2 is in 2
and hydrogen ions come out
93
ATP
energy made up of 3 phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine
94
why do the ATP bonds contain energy?
Because the negative charges repel each other. When a phosphate is released, the rest of the molecule is more stable and is at a lower energy state the more phosphates released the less energy (broek down to ADP and AMP
95
Payoff phase
only PGAL can enter, so DHAP must be converted
96
where does glycolisis occur?
in the cytoplasm
97
Step 1 of cellular respiration
Glucose expels ATP and NADH and makes pyruvate
98
Step 2 of cellular respiration
pyruvate expels NADH and co2 and become sacetyl coa
99
step 3 of cellular respiration
acetyl coa goes through the citric acid cycle and expels ATP and NADH FADH2 CO2
