Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AH Biology > Lab Techniques for Biologists > Flashcards

Lab Techniques for Biologists Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of substances covered by COSHH?

A 
Chemicals
Products containing chemicals
Fumes
Dusts
Vapours
Biological agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does COSHH stand for?

A

Control of Substances hazardous to health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal Protective Equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give some examples of PPE

A

Safety goggles
Lab coat
Gloves
Closed toe shoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does an autopipette allowed to be measured?

A

Small volumes of liquid accurately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are burettes used for?

A

Dispense precise volumes of liquid reagants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the burette before it is used?

A

Rinsed with the liquid to be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are readings taken from?

A

Bottom of the Meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is repeated dilution from a stock solution known as?

A

Serial Dilution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of dilution is it if each step is a tenfold dilution?

A

Logarithmic Dilution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The concentration of a pigmented compound can be quantified using a?

A

Colorimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does a colorimeter work?

A

Passing a light beam at a specific wavelength through a cuvette containing a sample solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you calibrate a colorimeter?

A

Place a calibration solution(usually distilled water) into a cuvette, place in colorimeter and press calibrate, providing a user with a 0 absorbance reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a pH buffer?

A

Solution whose pH changes very little when a small amount of acid/base is added to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give one method to determine the unknown concentration of a solution

A

Standard Curve

Titration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What seperates substances out in centrifugation?

A

Size and Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the liquid that remains above the pellet called in centrifugation?

A

Supernatant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does protein electrophoresis seperate proteins based on?

A

Charge and/or size/shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give one form of protein electrophoresis

A

SDS page

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do smaller proteins travel furthur or less than bigger proteins in protein electrophoresis?

A

Further

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does seperation of proteins depend on if native gels are used?

A

protein charge and shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do proteins do at their isoelectric point?

A

Overall neutral charge, precipitate out of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What charge do proteins carry below their isoelectric point?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does isoelectric focussing work?

A

pH gradient is set up on a gel

Protein loaded in and moves until it reaches its isoelectric point where it forms a band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Chromatography?
Set of Techniques which separate the components of a mixture
26
What are the three types of chromatography?
Paper, thin-layer and Affinity
27
What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?
Strip of chromatography paper
28
What is the stationary phase in thin layer chromatography?
Strip of absorbent material such as silica gel
29
What does affinity chromatography rely on?
Binding interactions of a protein and a ligand
30
Where is the ligand found in affinity chromatography?
Immobilised in an inert support
31
What is immunoassay?
Test which uses antibodies to detect the presence and concentration of a protein within a solution
32
What does immunoassay rely on?
Specificity of Antibodies
33
What allows scientists to detect when binding has occurred in an immunoassay test?
Each antibody must be linked to a detectable label
34
What does a reporter enzyme do?
Causes a colour change in the presence of a specific antigen
35
What does ELISA stand for?
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
36
What is an ELISA?
Analytical technique which uses antibodies to detect the presence of an antigen in a solution
37
What are three types of ELISA?
Direct, Indirect, Sandwich
38
What is the difference between direct and indirect ELISA?
Direct - Primary antibody binds to antigen and has a reporter protein on it Indirect - Primary antibody binds to antigen then secondary antibody binds with a reporter enzyme
39
What happens during Sandwich ELISA?
Capture antibody bound to surface of multiwell plate Antigen is added and allowed to bind Primary antibody added and binds Secondary antibody, linked to a reporter enzyme added and binds to primary antibody
40
Give examples of uses of ELISA
Detection of HIV Detection of food allergies Screening for certain types of drugs
41
What does Protein Blotting allow?
Identify specific proteins seperated by gel electrophoresis
42
What is the first step in protein blotting?
Proteins are separated using gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane
43
How is the membrane probed for the protein of interest?
Using a specific antibody linked to a detectable label
44
Give examples of applications of protein blotting
Identify specific proteins which are present in a cell sample Detection of HIV and hepatitis B
45
What is the difference between ELISA and Immunohistochemistry?
ELISA - using antibodies to detect antigens in a specific solution Immunohistochemistry - using antibodies to detect antigens in a tissue sample
46
What is Immunhistochemistry typically used for?
Diagnosis of Diseases such as Cancer
47
How does immunohistochemistry work?
Samples of tissue are very thinly sliced and mounted onto a slide Probed for particular protein using an enzyme linked antibody
48
What is an advantage of an immunohistochemistry test?
Capable of showing exactly where a certain protein is being expressed in a sample
49
What is combined to form hybridomas?
B lympochytes and Myeloma Cells
50
What is used to fuse B lympochytes and Myeloma cells?
Polyethlyene glycol (PEG)
51
Where are B lympochytes removed from?
Spleen of an animal
52
What is the name of the medium that hybridoma cells are cultured in?
Hypoxanthine Aminopterin Thymidine (HAT)
53
Why do unfused myeloma cells die?
Cannot survive in the HAT medium
54
Why do unfused B lympochytes die?
Cannot survive in the culture
55
What does Fluorescence microscopy allow?
Particular protein structures to be visualised
56
What is a fluorescent molecule?
One which absorbs a specific wavelength of light then emits a different (longer) wavelength
57
How does Fluorescence microscopy work?
Specific proteins have fluorescent markers added to them Cells then placed on a slide Protein structures visualised using a fluorescence microscope
58
What is immunofluoresecence?
Antibodies used to fluorescently tag protein structures
59
Describe how immunofluoresecence works?
Primary antibody, specific to the protein being visualised is introduced A second antibody, attached to a fluorescent tag which binds to the primary antibody
60
What does a haemocytometer allow?
Estimation of the concentration of cells in a sample to be made
61
What border can cells be touching to be counted?
Top and right border
62
What can the reliability of a glass haemocytometer be effected by?
Incorrect placement of the cover slip
63
Give a benefit of disposable haemocytometers?
Limit exposure to infectious materials
64
Give examples of things a typical culture media contains
``` Water Salts Amino Acids Vitamins Glucose ```
65
What do all animal cell cultures require?
Media containing growth factors
66
Where do the growth factors come from?
Serum
67
What is the inoculum?
Cells that have been used to inoculate culture media
68
What are the two different cells that can make up inoculum?
Cells released from source tissue using proteolytic enzymes | Explants (small pieces of tissue)
69
What is a polyclonal serum?
A serum containing antibodies that have been harvested from the blood of animals exposed to a particular antigenic material
70
What are antibodies?
Y shaped proteins produced by B lymphocytes as part of the immune response
71
What are antibodies used for?
Detect and Identify specific proteins
72
What does fluorescent labelled protein blotting allow a scientist to identify?
Specific proteins that were seperated using gel electrophoresis
73
What are the steps in fluorescent labelled protein blotting?
1. Protein blotted to membrane 2. Membrane flooded with fluorescent labelled monoclonal antibodies 3. When exposed to certain wavelengths allowing precise location of target proteins
74
What allows precise location of proteins in fluorescent labelled protein blotting?
Fluorescent Labelled Protein Blot
75
What is histochemistry?
Study of tissues using stains and microscopy
76
What is fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining?
Used to visualize distribution of specific cellular components in live cell
77
What does separation rely on if non native gels are used in protein electrophoresis?
Size
78
State two types of biological material that can be viewed by bright field microscopy
- Thin sections of tissue | - Parts of an organism
79
How are cells detached from tissues for cell lines?
Using proteolytic enzymes
80
What are Explants?
Small pieces of plant tissue placed on solid medium
81
What can be used to trigger embryogenesis?
Growth Regulators

AH Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions