Lab Test #2 Flashcards
(228 cards)
1
Q
What are multicellular, capable of locomotion or movement, have cells without a rigid cell wall, and are heterophobic?
A
Animals
2
Q
Animals that lack vertebrates?
A
Invertebrates
3
Q
What kind of symmetry can be divided into two equal halves?
A
Bilateral symmetry
4
Q
What means definite head?
A
Cephalization
5
Q
Which phylum contains animals known as sponges?
A
Porifera
6
Q
What does Porifera mean?
A
Bearing pores
7
Q
Sponges are what?
A
Multicellular
8
Q
Most sponges are ( ), while all forms are aquatic.
A
Marine
9
Q
Sponges are ( ), as adults but many disperse as free-swimming larvae
A
Sessile
10
Q
What means immobile and attached to a surface?
A
Sessile
11
Q
Sponges possess many different types of cells but lack what?
A
Definite tissue
12
Q
Sponges are ( ), cannot be cut into two halves.
A
Assymetrical
13
Q
The walls of sponges have numerous tiny openings called ( ), through which currents of water enter carrying food and oxygen to the central internal cavity called what?
A
Ostia
Spongocoel
14
Q
In a sponge, water exists through a large opening called what?
A
Osculum `
15
Q
In a sponge, the movement of water is produced by the beating of the flagella of what?
A
Collar cells, choanocytes, in the flagellated chambers, or radial canals
16
Q
In a sponge what captures and digests food particles brought in by the water currents?
A
Choanocytes
17
Q
A sponge has how many body layers?
A
3
18
Q
In a sponge, the outer layer of flat epithelial cells, among which are contractile celled called ( ) that regulate the sizes of the ostia
A
Pinacytes
19
Q
In a sponge, the middle layer of a gelatinous non-living matrix containing living mesenchyme celled ( ), which are capable of amoeboid movement
A
Amoebocytes
20
Q
Amoebocytes function in the collecting of food from the flagellated collar cells, secrete the gelatinous matrix, collect wastes, produce ( ) and can differentiate into any of the other cell types
A
Spicules
21
Q
In a sponge, what are the supportive skeleton of the sponge that are minute crystalline structures composed of either calcium carbonate or siliceous material
A
Spicules
22
Q
In a sponge, what does the inner layer possess?
A
Collar cells
23
Q
In a sponge, reproduction occurs how?
A
Asexually by budding, fragmentation, and in freshwater forms by gemmule formation
24
Q
What consist of a ball of amoebocytes surrounded by a capsule of spicules and dead cells
A
A gemmule
25
Can sexual reproduction happen in sponges?
Yes
26
Most sponges are ( or ) meaning an individual has both male and female reproductive structures producing eggs and sperm from amoebocytes at different times in the life cycle
Monoecious or hermaphroditic
27
In a sponge, sperm can be produced from what?
Collar cells
28
In a sponge, the fusion of the eggs and the sperm results in a ( ) which develops into a free-swimming ciliated larva
Zygote
29
Phylum Cnidaria=
Coelenterates
30
Class Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa are in what Phylum?
Cnidaria
31
Which class are hydras and Obelia
Hydrozoa
32
Which class are true jellyfish and Aurelia
Scyphozoa
33
Which class are sea anemone
Anthozoa
34
( ) are aquatic and found mostly in shallow marine environments, with the exception of the freshwater hydras
Cnidaria
35
Cnidaria show ( ) of organization
Tissue level
36
Cnidaria have mostly what kind of symmetry
Radial symmetry
37
which phylum has a gut and a definite nerve net
Cnidaria
38
Which phylum has the body types of sessile polyp is cylindrical in shape and the free swimming medusa
Cnidaria
39
The free swimming medusa is what shape
Bell or umbrella shaped
40
What are all carnivorous and possess tentacles with nematocysts that capture invertebrates and vertebrate prey
Cnidiaria
41
What are the stinging elements that are discharged by a combination of mechanical and chemical stimuli
Nematocysts
42
In phylum Cnidaria, what is the reproduction?
Sexual reproduction- monoecious or dioecious
| Asexual reproduction- budding
43
Which class has a mobile individual polyp?
Hydrozoa
44
In class Hydrozoa, what is the reproduction?
Budding `
45
An outgrowth, or ( ) forms on the body, becoming a new hydra
Bud
46
What are the female gonads that contain the eggs and appear as rounded lumps on the side of the body
Ovaries
47
What are the male gonads which produce sperm and appear as numerous cone shaped knots on the body
Testes
48
The Obelia has ( ) extending from the bell
Tentacles
49
In the medusa form, the ( ) is the umbrella-like portion with the manubrium extending from the center and including the mouth
Bell
50
Which class includes most of the true jellyfish
Scyphazoa
51
In class Scyphozoa, most of their life is spent in what
Medusas
52
In Scyphozoa, the majority of these organisms float freely in open sea and may range in size from ( ) in diameter
4-20cm
53
The largest and most important class of Cnidarians includes what
Sea anemones, sea fans, and corals
54
What class are sea anemones, sea fans, and corals in?
Anthozoa
55
Anthozoa spend most of their life as what?
Hydrozoas
56
Phylum Platyhelminthes=
Acoelomate flatworms
57
Class Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda are in what phylum
Platyhelminthes
58
Planaria is what class
Turbellaria
59
Flukes, Clonorchis sinensis are what class
Trematoda
60
Tapeworms, Taenia are what class
Cestoda
61
The planaria is characterized by visible what
Eyespots
62
What are light-sensitive areas on the anterior dorsal surface
Eye spots
63
What are divided into the anterior and posterior lateral branches
Intestines
64
Food enters the mouth and extends through a tubular what
Pharynx
65
Flukes have an oval body and tubular what
Digestive system
66
Flukes are ( ) with ovaries and testes in the same individual
Hermaphroditic
67
In a tapeworm the head is also called the what
Scolex
68
The scolex is covered in ( and ) for attachment to the intestine of the host and for sucking in the digested food material
Hooks and suckers
69
What phylum have the organisms that thrive nearly everywhere and may be the most abundant animals alive
Phylum Nematoda
70
What are the two distinct features of the round worm
The tube within a tube body plan and a pseudocoelom
71
The tube within a tube has both the mouth and what
Anus
72
The pseudocoelom is completed lined with ( ) which allows the internal organs freedom of movement
Mesoderm
73
What is a tiny free living nematode that can live in unpasteurized vinegar
Vinegar eel
74
What is an intestinal round worm common throughout the world
Ascaris
75
What includes those known as heartworms in dogs
Filarial worms
76
The Ascaris are ( ), with the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals
Dioecious
77
The Ascaris have tubular intestine and both a ( and ) cord
Dorsal and nerve cord
78
Pseudocoelomates include round worms( ) and rotifers( )
Nemtoda- Rotifera
79
The tiny openings in the wall of a sponge are called what
Ostia
80
"Bearing pores"
Porifera
81
What are living mesemchyme cells capable of movement
Amoebocytes
82
Collar cells are called what
Choanocytes
83
A ball of amoebocytes surrounded by a capsule of spicules and dead cells
Gemmule
84
Contractile cells regulating the size of ostia
Pinacytes
85
Hermaphroditic
Monoecious
86
Supportive structures composed of calcium carbonate or glass like material
Spicules
87
Opening through which water exists a sponge
Osculum
88
Central internal cavity of a sponge
Spongocoel
89
The spicules that are viewed in the wet mount slide are composed of what
Calcium carbonate
90
( ) is the flexible substance that provides skeletal support in some sponges
Spongin
91
With respect to the body form in Cnidarians, what is meant by the phrase "radially symmetrical"
You will always have equal halves
92
Nematocysts are located on the what
Tentacles
93
Nematocysts are what
Stinging cells
94
What does planarian do when light is on it
Moves away from light
95
Describe the feeding action of the planarian.
They feed in a swooping/swirl on their prey
96
Describe the motion of the vinegar eels on the slide
The wiggle
97
Mollusks demonstrate bilateral symmetry and what
Cephalization
98
Class Polyplacophora, Gastropda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda are apart of what Phylum?
Molluca
99
Chitons are apart of what class?
Polyplacophora
100
What are slow moving sedentary gazers with dorsal shell in 8 plates
Chitons
101
"Stomach foot" is apart of what class
Gastropoda
102
Snails, sea slugs, and land slugs are apart of what class
Gastropoda
103
"Two valved shells" are apart of what class
Bivalvia
104
Clams, mussles, scallops, and oysters are apart of what class
Bivalvia
105
"head foot" is apart of what class
Cephalopoda
106
Squids, octopuses, and nautiluses are apart of what class
Cephalopoda
107
What are the largest, swiftest, and most intelligent of the invertebrates
Cephalopoda
108
The 2 shells ( ) are held closed by the anterior and posterior adductor muscles
Valves
109
The ( ) is extended when the shells open and is used for locomotion
Muscular foot
110
Gas is exchanged through the ( ) located just under the valves
Gills
111
The ( ) secretes enzymes into the stomach and intestine
Digestive gland
112
The most striking annelid characteristic is the division of the ( ) into a series of similar segments
Cylindrical trunk
113
Annelida has a true body cavity called what
Coelem
114
The coelem is more or less divided by septa into components within each segment, each lined by what
Peritoneum
115
In Phylum Annelida, the circulatory system is not segmented. T or F q
True
116
The rhythmic contractions of these muscles, called ( ) allows food to be moved through the digestive tract without the movement of the entire animal
Peristalsis
117
Class Polychaeta, Hirudinea, and Oligochaeta are apart of what Phylum
Annelida
118
What represents the largest class of annelids
Polychaete
119
Polychaetes possess fleshy tentacles on the head and two fleshy appendages, ( ), on each segment except the first and last
Parapodia
120
Many ( ), or chitnous bristles are found on the parapodia, which are used for swimming, burrowing, crawling, and gas exchange
Setae
121
Marine clamworm are an example of what class
Polychaeta
122
Leeches lack what three things?
Tentacles, parapodia, and setae
123
Leeches have what interesting feature?
Two muscular suckers
124
Leeches have small anterior suckers that surround the ( ) and large posterior suckers that are used for ( and )
- Mouth
| - Locomotion and attachment
125
Members of this class inhabit damp soil and freshwater
Oligochaeta
126
Which class lack parapodia and have setae
Oligochaeta
127
What is a specimen of the Lumbricus called
"Night crawler" earthworm
128
On an earthworm, what is the very first segment that overhangs the mouth
Prostomium
129
On an earthworm, the large hypodermal glands responsible for the formation of the what
Cocoon
130
On an earthworm, the swollen segments comprise the ( ), which is located anteriorly
Clitellum
131
The ( ) is located at the end of the last segment
Anus
132
An earthworm has how many hearts surrounding the esophagus
5 pair
133
An earthworm has one heart pair in which segments
7-11
134
What color are the hearts of an earthworm
Black
135
In an earthworm, the digestive tract expands into this and this is where food is stored
Crop
136
In an earthworm, posterior to the crop is a thick-walled( ) a mastication organ
Gizzard
137
In an earthworm, the ( ) is located beyond the gizzard and leads to the anus
Intestine
138
Earthworms can fertilize themselves. T or F
False
139
Each earthworm produces a cocoon containing what
Eggs
140
Class that has segmented bodies
Annelida
141
Class that includes muscles and scallops
Bivalvia
142
Most with shells of calcium carbonate
Mollusca
143
Class that have leeches
Hirudinea
144
Class that have chitons
Polyplacophora
145
Class that have marine clamworms
Polychaeta
146
Class that have nautiluses
Cephalopoda
147
Class of earthworms
Oligochaeta
148
Class of snails
Gastropoda
149
Body cavity of annelids
Coelem
150
Food storage in the earthworm
Crop
151
The first segment of an earthworm
Postomium
152
Mastication organ of an earthworm
Gizzard
153
Chitinous bristles
Setae
154
Fleshy appendages
Parapodia
155
Swollen segments of earthworm functioning in reproduction
Clitellum
156
Rhythmic muscular contractions
Peristalsis
157
What is an ancient group that does not conform to the normal rules of zoology
Echinoderms
158
Echinoderms are free moving but have why symmetry
Radial Symmetry
159
Radial symmetry is usually associated with ( ) forms, while bilateral symmetry is associated with ( ) forms
- Sessile forms
| - Free moving forms
160
Echnidoerms are entirely what
Marine
161
A unique characteristics of Echinoderms is that there is a presence of what
A water vascular system
162
A spiny endoskeleton of calcareous plates is what Phylum?
Echinoderm
163
"spiny skin" means what
Echinodermata
164
What are the tiny pincer like devices located among the spines of the skin, that are used to kill prarsites and remove debris from the skin surface
Pedicellariae
165
What are the very thin membraned projections on the skin surface that allows of the exchange of gases(respiration)
Dermal Brachiae, or Dermal Gills or Papulae
166
On the Sea Urchin, small pointed structures
Spines
167
On the Sea Urchin, the anterior opening of the digestive tract
Mouth
168
On the Sand Dollar, the small hole located anteriorly
Lunule
169
On the Sand Dollar, resembles petals of a flower; used to movewatewr into its vascular system which allows for movement
Petaloid ambulacra
170
On the Starfish, the anterior openin gf the digestive tract
Mouth
171
On the Starfish, extensions protrudingfrom the body that are used for locomotion
Tube feet
172
On the Starfish, located in the middle of each arm bordered by tube feet
Ambulacral Groove
173
On the Starfish, small pointed structures
Spines
174
On the Starfish, tiny pincher like devices located among the spines
Pedicellariae
175
On the Starfish, the perforated pore thrugh which water is admitted to the water vascular system
Madreporite
176
On the Starfish, rounded area in the center of the starfish
Central disk
177
On the Starfish arm, the brownish looking area where digestive enzymes are produced
Digestive glands
178
On the Starfish arm, the gamete producing gland; reproductive structures
Gonads
179
On the Starfish arm, located out each arm along the body used for locomotion
Tube feet
180
On the Starfish arm, where food is stored
Stomach
181
On the Starfish arm, located in the middle of each arm under the digestive glands
Ambulacral ridge
182
What material composes the spiny endoskeleton
Calcarous piares
183
What are trhe most successful of all living phyla
Anthropoda
184
Anthropodas compirise over ( ) species
Million
185
The body of an anthropod is usually covered by a thick, protective exoskeleton ( ) which contains chitin
Cuticle
186
Several classes in phylum Anthropoda are primarily what
Terrestrial
187
Inscets, centipedes, millipedes, and spiders are apart of what phylum
Anthropoda
188
The members of phylum Anthropoda that are adapted to ( ) water enviornments include crabs, lobster, and shrimp
All
189
What aid crayfish in catching prey
Chelicrae and Chelipeds
190
What are the anterior appendages on a crayfish
Chelicerae
191
What are the terminal fangs on a crayfish which can be used to aid in locomotion
Chelipeds
192
What are two things that aid in locomotion on the crayfish
Telson and Uropods
193
On a crayfish, what is the nonsegmented end of the fan tail
Telson
194
Ona crayfish, what form the outside part of the tail fan
Uropods
195
On a crayfish, what makes up the head and throax
Cephalothorax
196
What is the hard covering around the cephlathorax on a crayfish called that protects them from potential predators
Carapace
197
Centipede= class
Chilopoda
198
Millipede= class
Diplopoda
199
Scorpion= class
Insecta
200
Shrimp= class
Crustacea
201
Spider= class
Arachnida
202
How are anthropods better adapted to a land enviornment than other invertebrates
Because of their cuticle, efficient internal respiratory organs, exoskeleton and jointed appendages
203
What are the four common characteristics of phylum Chordata
Possession of notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharynx with gills, and a tail that extends past the anus
204
What is a rod of stiffened tissue
Notochord
205
what may eventually become the spinal cord
Dorsal nerve cord
206
What are members of subphylum Urochordata known as
Tunicates
207
Subphylum Urochordata and Subphylum Cephalochordata do not contan a what
Vertebrae
208
Subphylum Urochordata filter feed by siphoning water through their what
Gill Slits
209
The most common and well known class of SubPhylum Urochordata is what
Sea Squirts
210
What are memebers of Subphylum Cephalochordata known as
Lancelots
211
What is genus name for lancelots
Amphioxus
212
In subphylum Cephlochordata, the blood is ( ) as it lacks erythrocytes and hemoglobin which are responsible for transporting oxygen
Colorless
213
Class Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia are apart of what phylum
Subphylum Vertebrata
214
Hagfish are apart of what class
Class Myxini
215
What are long eel like fishes with a termional mouth and four pairs of tentacles
Hagfish
216
Hagfish have full use of their eyes. T or F
False
217
What are marine bottom dwelling scavengers feeding on dead or dying fish, annelids, mollusks, and crustacean
Hagfish
218
What are long eel like in form but have a sucking disc around the mouth internally covered with small rasping teeth
Lamprey
219
What are found in marine and freshwater bodies and have well developed eyes
Lampreys
220
Many lampreys are ( ) to other vertebrates
Parasitic
221
Lamprey are apart of what class
Class Cephalspidomorphi
222
Cartilagnious Fishes are apart of what class
Class Chondricthyes
223
Bony Fish are apart of what class
Class Osteichthyes
224
What is the most diverse class of vertebrae including 24,000 species
Osteichthyes
225
Approximately 95% of bony fish are what
Rayfinned fishes
226
Tetrapods are apart of what class
Amphibia
227
When the skin absorbs oxygen through a process called what
Crutaneous Respiration
228
Amphibians, like fish are what
Ecotothermic
