Lab test 2 Flashcards
(56 cards)
Anaerobic threshold (AnT)
- transition from predominantly aerobic energy production to anaerobic energy production as workload increases.
- Exercise performed predominantly in the presence of oxygen when oxidative or anaerobic metabolic pathways are the predominant source of energy production.
- LAST OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE citing the linear trend when expired ventilation rate (VE) is plotted against VO2 .
Identifying AnT
- Identify a breakaway or greater than linear increase in VE when VE is plotted against workload or VO2 (ventilatory threshold).
- Identify a breakaway in lactate acid production rate when plotted against VO2
- identify a breakaway in CO2
- A peaking out in the fraction of CO2 in the expired air (FeCO2) and a bottoming out in the fraction of oxygen in the expired air as workload increases.
- rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 15-16 (hard)
Maximal Oxygen Uptake Rate (VO2 max)
max rate at which oxygen can be consumed per minute in L/min or ml/kg/min.
- highest VO2 value achieved during a graded max effort exercise test.
Criteria indicating max effort was given
- a plateau (+/- 2 ml/kg/min) or decrease in VO2 as workload increases
- heart rate within 10 beats per min of age predicted max heart rate. (220-age for leg)
- R value (respiratory exchange ratio) equal to or greater than 1
- rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 18-20 (very very hard)
uses of AnT and max oxygen uptake rate
- prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness. (needs to be in ml/kg/min)
- predicting endurance performance capabilities. For body weight activities, USE ml/kg/min. When you don’t carry own weight, then L/min
- exercise prescription
- setting long term work paces
- predicting tolerance to environmental extremes such as heat, cold, high alt.
Why cardiorespiratory endurance, pulmonary (lung) volumes and function, body comp, and body build may be important for athletic performance
- endurance capabilities reflected by ability to take in and utilize oxygen.
- relationship between work rate and oxygen consumption pretty constant (+/- 6%).
- predicting max oxygen consumption is based on the fact that heart pumps efficiently and oxygen is more readily utilized in those who have higher max oxygen consumption.
- ind w higher max oxygen uptake will have lower HR
Tidal volume
- volume inspired or expired per breath
- Changes during exercise: increase
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
- max volume inspired from end-inspiration
- Changes: decrease
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
max volume expired from end expiration
-changes: slight decrease
residual volume (RV)
volume remaining at end of max expiration
-changes: slight increase
total lung capacity (TLC)
volume in lung at end of max inspiration
change: slight increase
vital capacity (VC)
max volume forcefully expired after max inspiration
-change: slight decrease
inspiratory capacity (IC)
max volume inspired from resting expiratory level
-change: increase
what factors influence body comp?
- circumferences, diameters, skin fold thickness
- fat and lean tissue comprising an individual’s body structure
determining body composition (underwater)
- residual lung volume,
- body weight
- body weight while submerged
benefits of exercise in a weight control program
1- increased cumulative caloric expenditure
2- counteracts potential decrease in basal metabolic typically associated w aging by maintaining (endurance exercise) or increases lean body weight
3- prevents loss of lean body weight associated with caloric restriction
4- compliments behavior modification and establishment of a more healthful lifestyle.
causes of regulatory obesity
95% of obesity in US
1- lack of daily act
2- excess caloric consumption due to easy unavailability of food
3- association of food w emotional responses
4- social and cultural pressures of food consumption.
types of obesity
1- hypertrophic or maturity onset obesity characterized by an increase in fat cell size
2- hyperplastic or juvenile onset characterized by increase in fat cell size and number and has an 80% carryover to adult hood
weight loss guidelines
- positive caloric balance = BW gain
- isocaloric= stable
- negative = loss
factors influencing caloric intake and caloric expenditure
caloric intake:
1) food energy value
2) absorption
3) type of food
4) quantity
caloric expenditure:
1) basal metabolic rate
2) physical activity level
3) food processing
fat loss
- 1 lb of fat = 3,500 Kcal
- caloric deficit= 1000 Kcal
- decrease intake= 700 Kcal
- increase expenditure= 300 Kcal
- +1 pound of muscle = 2,500 Kcals plus strength training
Obesity percents men and women
men: >25%
women: >30%
2 components of body composition AND their density
1) fat tissue: .90 gm/ml
2) lean tissue: 1.10 gm/ml
Body volume
difference between dry and underwater weights
