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Pcol2 > LAB_Anti-Inflam and Analgesics > Flashcards

LAB_Anti-Inflam and Analgesics Flashcards

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1
Q

a response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury,
remove the damaged tissue, and generate new tissue

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation:

A
  • rubor (redness)
  • tumor (swelling)
  • calor (heat)
  • dolor (pain)
  • functio laesa (loss of function)
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3
Q

Materials needed for inflammatory activity

A
  • Plethysmometer
  • Tuberculin syringes
  • Intubation needles
  • Individual Observation Cages
  • 24 or 26 gauge 1” syringes
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4
Q

Anti-inflamm drugs

A

Diclofenac
Carrageenan

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5
Q

It is a highly sensitive and reproducible test for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and has long been established as a valid model to
study new anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema

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6
Q

The development of edema induced by carrageenan injection causes
an _____ and ______ inflammatory response

A

acute and local

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7
Q

In the early phase (0-1h), ________, ________, and _________ are
the first mediators involved

A

histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin

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8
Q

In the second phase - ________ and various _______ such as
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are implicated

A

Prostaglandins ; cytokines

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9
Q

Used to suppress the symptoms of inflammation and relieve pain
(analgesic action) and fever (antipyretic action)

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
(NSAIDS)

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10
Q

Anti-inflammatory effect of nsaids:

A

inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2

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11
Q

NSAID that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2

A

Aspirin

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12
Q

Inhibit COX-2>COX-1

A

COX-2 selective agents

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13
Q

_____ reduce the inflammatory response and pain but not the cytoprotective action of
prostaglandins in the stomach

A

COX-2

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14
Q

Analgesic effect of NSAIDs

A

Inhibition of PGE2 and PGI2

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15
Q

: inhibition of production of prostaglandins induced by IL1 and IL-6 in the hypothalamus and the ‘resetting’ of the thermoregulatory
system leading to vasodilation and increased heat loss

A

Antipyretic effect of NSAIDs

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16
Q

First-line drugs to arrest inflammation and accompanying pain of
rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases

A

NSAIDs

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17
Q

NSAIDs alleviate __________ pain

A

mild-moderate

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18
Q

T/F: NSAIDs reduce elevated body temperature

A

T

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19
Q

Ibuprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen flurbiprofen, oxaprozin, naproxen

A

Propionic acid derivatives

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20
Q

Indomethacin, tolemtin, sulindac, ketorolac

A

Acetic acid derivatives

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21
Q

Piroxicam, tenoxicam

A

Oxicam

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22
Q

Celecoxib, parecoxib etoricoxib

A

Selective Cox-2 Inhibitors

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23
Q

better tolerated than ASA

A

Ibuprofen

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24
Q

Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory efficacy less than ASA

A

Ibuprofen

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25
T/F: Ibuprofen is well-absorbed, >90% bound to plasma proteins and cross BBB
T
26
Ibuprofen is metabolized in the ______, excreted in ________
liver; bile and kidneys
27
Ibuprofen dosage forms
Oral, parenteral, topical use (gel, cream)
28
available as patch, capsule, tablet
Ketoprofen
29
used in the eye for anti-inflammatory property
Flurbiprofen
30
longer acting
Naproxen
31
Propionic Acid ADR
nausea, vomiting, GI discomfort, fluid retention
32
This Acetic Acid derivative has analgesic property to relieve postoperative pain
Ketorolac
33
Acetic Acid derivative that is a potent anti-inflammatory, agent, antipyretic, analgesic effect
Indomethacin
34
ADR of Indomethacin:
headache, dizziness, ataxia, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, hypersensitivity reaction
35
CI of Indomethacin
renal failure, thrombocytopenia, elevated bilirubin
36
used as closure of PDA, pain in laminectomy, eye drops for inflammation
Indomethacin
37
Indomethacin _________ action of furosemide, thiazides, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors by salt and water retention ; ____________ bleeding with warfarin
decreases; increases
38
weaker actions than others but less toxic, not antagonize diuretic and antihypertensive actions of thiazides
Sulindac
39
are more toxic, contraindicated in children, and not to be used for more than one week
Mefenamic Acid
40
Mefenamic Acid ADR
GI side effects (diarrhea)
41
used in analgesic in myalgias, dysmenorrhea
Mefenamic Acid
42
good anti-inflammatory activity, more potent, poorer analgesic and antipyretic activity
Phenylbutazone
43
less likely to cause agranulocytosis
Azapropazone
44
poor anti-inflammatory agent
Metamizol
45
good anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activit
Piroxicam
46
similar to Metamizol
Propiphenazone
47
significant effect on RA and OA
Nabumetone
48
less gastric irritation than piroxicam; preferentially binds to COX-2
Meloxicam
49
preferentially inhibits COX-2, antihistaminic and antallergic properties
Nimesulide
50
Acetic acid derivative that is relatively nonselective COX inhibitor
DICLOFENAC
51
DICLOFENAC has a half life of _______;
1.9 to 2.3 hours
52
Co-administration of ____________ may increase the toxicity of diclofenac.
voriconazole
53
Diclofenac ADE
GI ulceration Elevation of serum aminotransferases
54
Selective COX-2 Inhibitors prototype
Celecoxib
55
Celecoxib can cause
HTN and edema
56
ADR of Selective Cox 2 inhibitors
increase risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombotic events -> increase risk for MI and stroke
57
highly selective for COX-2 and longer acting (given once a day)
Etoricoxib
58
Materials included in analgesic activity
Hot plate analgesia apparatus * Weighing scale * Stopwatches * Tuberculin syringe
59
a condition of enhanced sensitivity to painful stimu
Hyperalgesia
60
Mice treated with test compound -> ______________ latencies to respond to thermal stimulation compared to mice treated with vehicle.
increased
61
Pharmacological test for evaluating the analgesic potential of test compounds
Hot Plate Method
62
Acts peripherally (inhibit COX1 or COX2)
Non- Opioid Analgesics
63
Has ceiling effect
Non- Opioid Analgesics
64
Used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antiplatelet
Non- Opioid Analgesics
65
Interact with mu, delta, kappa opioid receptors, act mostly on SC and brain
Opioid Analgesics
66
May have a capacity for dependence, withdrawal and abuse
Opioid Analgesics
67
Used as analgesic
Opioid Analgesics
68
Does not have analgesic ceiling effect; dose escalation is limited by incidence and severity of ADRS
Opioid Analgesics
69
Used in moderate to severe pain, neuropathic pain
Opioid Analgesics
70
SE: constipation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, urinary retention, withdrawal symptoms
Opioid Analgesics
71
SE: GI, renal, cardiovascular (see previous slides)
Non- Opioid Analgesics
72
acute and chronic inflammatory diseases (eg. RA, OA, gout)
Non- Opioid Analgesics
73
relieves pain without loss of consciousness
Analgesia
74
T/F: Analgesia alters both perception and reaction to pain
T
75
presynaptic inhibition of the reuptake of serotonin and NE in pain inhibitory pathways
Antidepressants
76
: deplete local neurons of Substance P, which is required in the transmission of nociceptive inpu
Capsaicin
77
lowering NT release or reducing neuronal firing
Anticonvulsants
78
clock nerve signals that send the feeling of pain from site of injury to the brain
Topical lidocaine

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